ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2025
Cam Morphology and Sex-Based Differences in the Proximal Femur Anatomy of Collegiate Athletes Without Hip Pain: A 3-Dimensional Statistical Shape Modeling Analysis.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Standing anterior pelvic tilt is correlated with the proximal femur shape of individuals with cam morphology.Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Radiographic studies have reported a high prevalence of cam morphology in athletes, especially in male athletes, suggesting these individuals are at an elevated risk of developing femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). However, recent research has shown that 2-dimensional measurements do not accurately characterize cam deformities, motivating the need for 3-dimensional (3D) analyses. Purpose: To develop a 3D statistical shape model of the proximal femur to evaluate cam morphology in collegiate athletes through (1) quantifying shape variation, (2) establishing sex-based shape differences, and (3) comparing shapes between male athletes and male cam FAIS patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Double-echo steady-state magnetic resonance images were prospectively acquired of the hips of Division I collegiate athletes (28 male, 23 female). An existing data set of computed tomography scans of cam FAIS patients (26 male) and morphologically screened controls (30 male, 17 female) was also evaluated. The proximal femur was segmented, reconstructed into a 3D surface, and analyzed to generate a correspondence model using ShapeWorks. Principal component analysis, parallel analysis, and linear discriminant analysis quantified variation in proximal femoral shape. Results: Variation in the full cohort primarily occurred in the head-neck junction, femoral offset, and location of the greater trochanter relative to the head/neck (mode VIII, adjusted Conclusion: Athletes in our study had a proximal femur shape more similar to morphologically screened controls than FAIS patients. Sex-based differences occurred in athletes in regions where cam morphology typically occurs.
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