Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39930717›Full record

ArticleDrug delivery2025

Pharmacokinetic profile and

Kirsi Toivanen, Luna De Sutter, Agnieszka Wozniak, Karo Wyns, Nanna Merikoski, Sami Salmikangas, Jianmin Duan, Mikael Maksimow, Maria Lahtinen, Tom Böhling and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug delivery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Pan-cancer ex vivo target evaluation of phosphodiesterase 3 A (PDE3A).Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Phosphodiesterase 3 A expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kirsi ToivanenDepartment of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Luna De SutterDepartment of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
Agnieszka WozniakDepartment of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
Karo WynsDepartment of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
Nanna MerikoskiDepartment of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Sami SalmikangasDepartment of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Jianmin DuanDuan Pharmaceutical Consulting Inc., Laval, Canada.
Mikael MaksimowSartar Therapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.
Maria LahtinenSartar Therapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland.
Tom BöhlingDepartment of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Patrick SchöffskiDepartment of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
Harri SihtoDepartment of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anagrelide (ANA) is a phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) inhibitor, commonly prescribed for essential thrombocythemia. It also functions as a molecular glue, inducing complex formation between PDE3A and Schlafen 12. This association either triggers apoptosis or inhibits proliferation in tumor cells, supporting its use in cancer therapy. Conventionally administered orally, ANA undergoes rapid metabolism and elimination, resulting in a short drug exposure time at the site of action. Here, we explored the pharmacokinetic profile of a subcutaneously (SC) injected ANA formulation in Sprague-Dawley rats by quantifying plasma ANA and metabolite concentrations using liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We further evaluated the

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsQuinazolinesAdministration, OralAnimalsCell Line, TumorDose-Response Relationship, DrugHumansInjections, SubcutaneousMaleMiceRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysanagrelideAntineoplastic AgentsQuinazolinesAnagrelideGISTpharmacokineticsslow-releasesubcutaneous

Identifiers

PMID39930717
PMCPMC11816618

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.