Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39930711›Full record

ReviewJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2025

Term infant formula macronutrient composition: An update for clinicians.

Catherine Larson-Nath, Anam Bashir, Rachel E Herdes, Bridget Kiernan, Joanne Lai, Nicole Martin, Nicole Misner, Akash Pandey, Kanika Puri, Wenjing Zong and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Randomized pilot study comparing standard vs high-calorie feeding in infants with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Term infant formula macronutrient composition: An update for clinicians.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Catherine Larson-NathDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8797-2651
Anam BashirDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Rachel E HerdesDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Bridget KiernanDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.
Joanne LaiDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Nicole MartinClinical Nutrition, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Nicole MisnerDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Akash PandeyDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Kanika PuriDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Wenjing ZongDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Debora DuroDivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Salah Foundation Children Hospital, Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

Funding

None
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Protein, carbohydrates, and fats comprise the macronutrient components of infant formulas. While all infant formulas in the United States meet specific nutrition standards, the macronutrient composition of formulas is diverse. Each macronutrient in the formula may play a role in treating or managing the disease. In addition, many formulas are marketed as resembling the composition of human milk or improving symptoms such as colic and irritability. For these and other reasons, families are often interested in different formula properties. When choosing a formula for their infant families, they may reach out to clinicians for advice. Therefore, clinicians need to understand the macronutrient composition of the formulas their patients are using. This manuscript discusses the macronutrient composition of term infant formulas and indications of the use of different macronutrient components.

Indexed as

Infant FormulaNutrientsDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsDietary ProteinsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaMilk, HumanDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsDietary ProteinsNutrientscarbohydratescaseinfatwhey

Identifiers

PMID39930711
PMCPMC12066912

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.