Trial reportImplementation science : IS2025
Outcomes of the ROSE Sustainment (ROSES) Study, a sequential multiple assignment randomized implementation trial to determine the minimum necessary intervention to sustain a postpartum depression prevention program in agencies serving low-income pregnant people.
Trial report in Implementation science : IS, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03267563 (Implementing to Sustain), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Implementing to Sustain: Determining the Minimum Necessary Intervention to Maintain a Postpartum Depression Prevention Program (ROSE) in Clinics Providing Prenatal Services to Low-income Women
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Feasibility, Acceptability, and Exploratory Efficacy of Implementing an Intervention for Preventing Postpartum Depression in Antepartum Hospitalized Patients With High-Risk Pregnancy Complications: A Mixed-Methods Experimental Study.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's HealthTrial
- Implementation science aims to improve healthcare by validating effective interventions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) was conducted to determine minimum implementation support needed for agencies serving pregnant people on public assistance to adopt and sustain the ROSE (Reach Out, Stay Strong, Essentials for mothers of newborns) postpartum depression (PPD) prevention program.
methodsEnrolled prenatal agencies (N=98) received thorough initial implementation support (initial training + written sustainment planning). Agencies were identified as at risk for non-sustainment within the first 15 months (N=56) were randomized to: (1) no additional implementation support (N=12), or (2) quarterly implementation support (coaching and feedback; N=44). If agencies receiving quarterly implementation supports were still at risk and within the first 15 months (N=29), they were randomized to: (1) continued quarterly support (N=14), or (2) monthly implementation support (N=15). No implementation support occurred after 18 months. Follow-ups occurred quarterly and then at 18, 24, and 30 months. Outcomes included sustainment of core program elements, agency PPD rates, reach, and costs/cost-effectiveness of each sustainment step.
resultsTwice as many agencies as expected (41 of 98; 42%) delivered ROSE with fidelity for 15+ months after receiving thorough initial implementation support only. For agencies at risk for non-sustainment, no effects of adding quarterly implementation supports were observed. However, adding monthly supports (versus quarterly) for agencies still at risk resulted in higher monthly percent of core ROSE elements sustained and more months ROSE was sustained with fidelity with large (Cohen's d = 0.73 and 0.80) effect sizes, and improved reach over 30 months. Many agencies did not consistently collect PPD rates, making results difficult to interpret. Mean implementation costs (including implementation support and agency staff time) per agency were $1,849 (SD $1,429) for agencies receiving initial implementation support only, $2,699 (SD $1,837) for those receiving initial and quarterly implementation support, and $4,059 (SD $1,763) for those receiving initial, quarterly, and ultimately monthly implementation support.
conclusionsThe cost of agency-wide ROSE implementation is far less than the cost of a single untreated case of PPD ($33,484). We suggest implementing ROSE through thorough training and written sustainment planning. For agencies not sustaining, adding monthly support can promote sustainment and improve reach.
trial registrationRegistered June 14, 2018 at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03267563 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03267563 ).
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