ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
Association of Primary Care Access with Health-Related ChatGPT Use: A National Cross-Sectional Survey.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the Role of Large Language Models in Primary Care: Qualitative Study of Physicians in the United States and the Netherlands.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Disclaimers and Referral Patterns for Medical Advice Across Urgency Levels: Large Language Model Evaluation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Developing an artificial intelligence-powered question-and-answer chatbot with English-Spanish capabilities for new mothers.JAMIA open · 2026Article
- Generative AI use and social disparities in pediatric rehabilitation: a cross-sectional study of ChatGPT use among parents of children with speech and language disorders in Türkiye.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mapping applications and evaluations of LLM-enabled AI chatbots for health purposes: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Feasibility of a multi-metric framework for evaluating patient-facing AI communication in cosmetic dentistry: an exploratory proof-of-concept study.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Can co-designed educational interventions help consumers think critically about asking ChatGPT health questions? Results from a randomised-controlled trial.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChatGPT has quickly gained popularity as a source of online health information (OHI). However, it is unclear how having a usual source of primary care (USPC) is related to OHI-seeking.
objectiveExplore how having a USPC and other characteristics thought to affect access-to-care influence the use of ChatGPT and other OHI forms.
designCross-sectional national survey.
participantsAdult members of ResearchMatch, a non-profit affiliate of the National Institutes of Health, between June and August 2023. MAIN MEASURES: The survey evaluated demographics, health characteristics, and OHI-seeking behaviors, including ChatGPT usage. OHI sources were categorized as "passive" (Google, Wikipedia, WebMD) and "interactive" (forums, Q&A sites, ChatGPT). Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests compared users by USPC status. Multiple logistic regression estimated adjusted effects on ChatGPT use. KEY
resultsOf 21,499 adults invited to participate in the survey, 2406 (11.2%) responded. Among respondents, 56% reported having a USPC. Those with a USPC, compared to those without, were older, spoke English as their primary language, had higher income, and had more formal education (all p<.001). Participants with a USPC were more likely to use passive OHI (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.55-3.90, p<.001) and less likely to use interactive OHI (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.89, p=.002) or ChatGPT (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.44-0.71, p<.001). Age over 50 (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.06-0.20, p<.001), non-White race (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.38-0.70, p<.001), very good or better health (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.92, p=.009), and college education (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.97, p=.035) were inversely related to ChatGPT use.
conclusionsIn this national survey of patients participating in a clinical research matching service, those with regular primary care access relied less on ChatGPT, suggesting that a personal primary care relationship may attenuate the need or motivation to use AI-derived OHI.
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