Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39930103›Full record

ArticleNature nanotechnology2025

Customizable virus-like particles deliver CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein for effective ocular neovascular and Huntington's disease gene therapy.

Sikai Ling, Xue Zhang, Yao Dai, Zhuofan Jiang, Xujiao Zhou, Sicong Lu, Xiaoqing Qian, Jianping Liu, Niklas Selfjord, Tugce Munise Satir and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Engineered Transformer Base Editor with Enhanced Editing Efficiency.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
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  6. Review
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  8. Article
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  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Considerations for early life genetic therapies in cystic fibrosis.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Sikai Ling *Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xue Zhang *Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yao Dai *Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Zhuofan Jiang *Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-1999-8687
Xujiao Zhou *Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Sicong LuKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-7303
Xiaoqing QianSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Jianping LiuDepartment of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7336-3895
Niklas SelfjordGenome Engineering, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-5628-5849
Tugce Munise SatirTranslational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9021-1650
Anders LundinTranslational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Julia Liz TouzaTranslational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Mike FirthData Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
Natalie Van ZuydamData Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Bilada BilicanTranslational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Pinar AkcakayaGenome Engineering, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-8995
Jiaxu HongDepartment of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Jiaxu.hong@fdeent.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9912-633X
Yujia CaiKey Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. yujia.cai@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-7289

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) no. 31971364National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) no. 32370148National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) no. 81970766National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) no. 82171102
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In vivo CRISPR gene editing holds enormous potential for various diseases. Ideally, CRISPR delivery should be cell type-specific and time-restricted for optimal efficacy and safety, but customizable methods are lacking. Here we develop a cell-tropism programmable CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery system (RIDE) based on virus-like particles. The efficiency of RIDE was comparable to that of adeno-associated virus and lentiviral vectors and higher than lipid nanoparticles. RIDE could be readily reprogrammed to target dendritic cells, T cells and neurons, and significantly ameliorated the disease symptoms in both ocular neovascular and Huntington's disease models via cell-specific gene editing. In addition, RIDE could efficiently edit the huntingtin gene in patients' induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and was tolerated in non-human primates. This study is expected to facilitate the development of in vivo CRISPR therapeutics.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Cas SystemsGenetic TherapyHuntington DiseaseRibonucleoproteinsVirionAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalGene EditingHEK293 CellsHumansHuntingtin ProteinInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsMiceHuntingtin ProteinRibonucleoproteins

Identifiers

PMID39930103
PMCPMC12015117

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.