ArticleScientific reports2025
A geospatial and statistical analysis of land surface temperature in response to land use land cover changes and urban heat island dynamics.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the impact of urban vitality on carbon emission mechanisms using multi-source data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Approaches for Geospatial Modeling of Urban Land Surface Temperature: Assessing Geographical Compactness, Interpretability, and Causal Inference.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impacts of tourism on LULC and LST dynamics in district Buner and Shangla, Pakistan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Geospatial modeling and forecasting of urban land use change using Google Earth Engine and machine learning.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The escalating trend of global urbanization, particularly pronounced in the burgeoning urban areas of Pakistan, necessitates a meticulous examination of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes and their extensive environmental repercussions. Understanding these transformations is crucial for informed decision-making in evolving ecological dynamics. This research utilizes Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and statistical analyses to investigate LULC thoroughly changes in Okara District, Pakistan, from 1991 to 2023. Despite its considerable socio-economic significance, Okara District has remained relatively understudied, making this research a crucial contribution to understanding its evolving landscape. Key indicators include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), correlated with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Findings include a 22.6% decline in vegetation cover (415.1 km
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