Observational studyBMJ open2025
Incidence rate and associated patient characteristics of liver disease in Wales 2004-2022: a retrospective population-scale observational study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- A liver function test pathway significantly increases the early detection of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Clinical Utility of Ultrasound Guidance and Skin Markings in Paracentesis.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a predictive model for invasive syndrome in patients withFrontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The development of Liver Research Cymru, a new partnership to increase hepatology research activity in Wales.NIHR open research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the incidence and key demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics of individuals with liver disease in Wales. DESIGN AND
settingThis study is designed as a retrospective observational study that linked data of anonymised identified individuals from primary, secondary care and mortality data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in Wales.
participantsAll Welsh residents who registered with a SAIL-contributing general practitioner (GP) and diagnosed with liver disease from 2004 to 2022. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Our primary outcome is the annual age-standardised incidence rate of liver disease. Secondary outcome is the numbers and frequencies of underlying aetiology and the associated comorbidities.
resultsBetween 2004 and 2022, 111 098 individuals received a diagnosis of liver disease in Wales and were included in this study. The incidence of liver disease increased threefold during the study period (97.7 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2004 to 316.2 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2022). A total of 79 992 individuals (72%) entered the cohort with the underlying aetiology of liver disease, including alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, metabolic, haemochromatosis and autoimmune liver diseases. NAFLD has contributed to most of the change in incidence.
conclusionsWe observed increasing incidence rates of liver disease in Wales, with NAFLD showing a particularly sharp increase and frequently identified as an underlying condition. A better understanding of the incidence of liver disease is the first step towards effective prevention, early detection and targeted intervention to improve patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.