Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39929198›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroendocrinology2025

The cortisol awakening response in very preterm born adults compared to term born adults.

Bilge Albayrak, Giorgi Batsikadze, Lara Jablonski, Ursula Felderhoff-Müser, Tina Hörbelt-Grünheidt, Anna Lena Friedel, Raphael Hirtz, Katharina Heuser-Spura, Monia V Dewan

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroendocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Bilge AlbayrakDepartment of Pediatrics I and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TBNS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5574-0781
Giorgi BatsikadzeDepartment of Neurology and C-TBNS, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Lara JablonskiDepartment of Pediatrics I and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TBNS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Ursula Felderhoff-MüserDepartment of Pediatrics I and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TBNS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Tina Hörbelt-GrünheidtInstitute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology and C-TBNS, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Anna Lena FriedelInstitute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology and C-TBNS, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Raphael HirtzDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany.
Katharina Heuser-SpuraDepartment of Pediatrics I and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TBNS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Monia V DewanDepartment of Pediatrics I and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TBNS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Funding

UMEA (University Medicine Essen Clinician Scientist Academy) FU 356/12-2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Very preterm infants are at higher risk of long-term neurodevelopmental and psychiatric impairments, including anxiety. Prematurity is also linked to altered programming of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, associated with stress-related diseases. The cortisol awakening response (CAR), marked by a rapid cortisol increase after waking, is a biomarker of HPA reactivity and is linked to psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the CAR in adults born very preterm and to explore its association with anxiety and stress. Twenty-five young adults born very preterm and 24 age- and sex-matched term-born controls collected saliva samples on two consecutive mornings at 0, 30, 45, and 60 min after awakening. Anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale. The CAR was analyzed using the sample at 0 min (S1), total cortisol output (AUCg), and actual CAR (AUCi). There were no significant differences in AUCi. The preterm group exhibited lower S1 levels and a reduced AUCg. Preterm-born participants reported higher trait anxiety and stress, though no consistent link with the CAR was identified. Findings suggest long-term neuroendocrine changes in adults born very preterm, warranting further research. Clinical Trial Registration: Duetsche Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS): 00020235.

Indexed as

HydrocortisoneInfant, Extremely PrematureStress, PsychologicalWakefulnessAdultAnxietyFemaleHumansHypothalamo-Hypophyseal SystemInfant, NewbornMalePituitary-Adrenal SystemSalivaTerm BirthYoung AdultHydrocortisoneanxietycortisol awakening responsedevelopmentstress responsevery preterm infants

Identifiers

PMID39929198
PMCPMC11975800

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.