SynthesisMedicine2025
Gender equality in education and community pharmacy practice in the Middle East: A systematic review of literature.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gender stereotypes about women in pharmacy leadership: evidence from a cross-sectional study in Lebanon.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Dietary patterns and nutritional habits of female students at Sulaimani university: a cross-sectional study in Sulaymaniyah, 2025-2026.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The role of leadership in empowering women in medicine.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Perception and readiness of community pharmacists in delivering palliative care services in Saudi Arabia: a new role in the game.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Teaching, service, and leadership: exploring gender inequities in Saudi pharmacy academia.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMost of the world has made progress towards attaining gender equality in education and practice of healthcare. Nevertheless, in the Middle East, noting restrictive social and religious norms, there are questions as to whether such equality witnessed in other parts of the world is a reality in this region.
methodsA comprehensive search of 4 electronic databases was carried out for literature on gender equality on education and community pharmacy practice in the Middle East. A total of 9 articles directly addressing issues on the study topic within the Middle East were included in the systematic review.
resultsThe findings showed good progress in educational attainments across most of the Middle Eastern region. Women and men alike have almost equal chances in education, with some nations like Saudi Arabia having more women than men graduating from universities. However, there are high-level disparities in community pharmacy practice, where despite many of the workers in pharmacy within the region being women, their representation in top positions in pharmacy is very low. They also earn less than their male counterparts, and at times they are forced to engage in unpaid healthcare work like it recently emerged in Lebanon following the financial crisis within the nation. Barriers such as restricted mobility, gendered social roles, and discrimination at work present as the key factors fueling the inequality levels witnessed in the region in pharmacy practice.
conclusionsThe Middle East is a region that like other parts of the world, is making good progress towards equality in education. However, such equality in education appears not to translate to equal job opportunities in the practice of community pharmacy, pointing to a need for relevant stakeholders to engage in measures for addressing the identified barriers that prevent women from fully equaling men in healthcare practice for the benefit of the larger society.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.