ReviewBiochemical Society transactions2025
Advances in nanobody multimerization and multispecificity: from in vivo assembly to in vitro production.
Review in Biochemical Society transactions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Camelid VHHs as a Versatile Platform for Combating Viral Infections.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A neuraminidase-targeted nanobody confers broad protection against influenza B virus.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Disulphide and sequence-encoded conformational priors guide nanobody structure prediction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and applications of camelid variable heavy-chain nanobodies against bacterial and parasitic protozoal pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nanobodies in biomedicine: from molecular characteristics to fabrication and clinical translation.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Targeting angiogenesis: advances in the design and engineered applications of nanobodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with nanobodies: emerging therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Multifunctional Nanobody Fusion Proteins in Immunoassays: Diverse Strategies for Enhanced Analytical Performance.Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC · 2025Article
- Imaging of Thromboinflammation by MultispectralInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
NANOBODIES® (Nbs) have emerged as valuable tools across therapeutic, diagnostic, and industrial applications owing to their small size and consequent ability to bind unique epitopes inaccessible to conventional antibodies. While Nbs retrieved from immune libraries normally possess sufficient affinity and specificity for their cognate antigens in the practical use case, their multimerization will often increase functional affinity via avidity effects. Therefore, to rescue binding affinity and broaden targeting specificities, recent efforts have focused on conjugating multiple Nb clones - of identical or unique antigen cognates - together. In vivo and in vitro approaches, including flexible linkers, antibody domains, self-assembling coiled coils, chemical conjugation, and self-clustering hydrophobic sequences, have been employed to produce multivalent and multispecific Nb constructs. Examples of successful Nb multimerization are diverse, ranging from immunoassaying reagents to virus-neutralizing moieties. This review aims to recapitulate the in vivo and in vitro modalities to produce multivalent and multispecific Nbs while highlighting the applications, advantages, and drawbacks tied to each method.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.