ArticleLiver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver2025
The Global Burden of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases in 2021.
Article in Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incidence of Cirrhosis in Fibrotic Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: A Meta-Analysis of Placebo Arms from Randomized Clinical Trials.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine on immune function in patients with hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis or cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Nutriomic Technologies for Characterizing, Diagnosing, Clustering and Managing Chronic Liver Diseases: Precision Nutrition Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Development of a noninvasive ultrasound-based model for predicting high-risk esophageal varices in hepatitis-related cirrhosis.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- The Role ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Liver disease diagnostics and access barriers in African settings: a narrative review.Journal of clinical pathology · 2026Review
- The Economic Impact of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases on Global, Regional, and National Economies.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Article
- [Ultrasound technologies' new clinical application for chronic liver diseases].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Sarcopenic obesity in cirrhosis: prognostic value and future perspectives.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Review
- Reduced wait times for hepatology referrals in a prospective quality improvement initiative.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Association of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin with chronic liver disease outcomes across sex and menopausal status.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Large Language Models for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Chronic Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Child-Pugh Stage Predicts Survival in Hospitalized Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis: A 10-Year Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Helicobacter pylori infection and liver function alterations in individuals undergoing gastric cancer screening: a cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Novel Fibroblast Activation Protein-Based Algorithm to Assess Fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- From a Multi-Omics Signature to a Therapeutic Candidate: Computational Prediction and Experimental Validation in Liver Fibrosis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hepatoprotective effects of carvacrol: molecular mechanisms and insights from pre-clinical Studies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The Health Benefits ofNutrients · 2026Review
- Rising burden of steatotic liver disease in women of childbearing age and projections to 2035.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimThe burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases has changed in recent years due to shifts in the contributing aetiologies. We estimated the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, including etiological and regional differences, across 204 countries and territories from 2010 to 2021. APPROACH AND
resultsWe analysed temporal trends in the burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases utilising data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We estimated annual frequencies and age-standardised rates (ASRs) of incident cases, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by sex, country, World Health Organisation region and its contributing aetiologies. In 2021, there were an estimated 58 417 006 incident cases, 1 425 142 deaths and 46 417 777 DALYs related to cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. From 2010 to 2021, there was a rise in age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) (APC: +0.35%) but age-standardised death rates (ASDRs) (APC: -1.74%) and age-standardised disability-adjusted life-years (ASDALYs) (APC: -1.85%) declined. Cirrhosis related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) contributed to 48 310 981 incident cases in 2021 and was largely responsible for the overall increase in ASIRs from 2010 to 2021. Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases related to MASH were the only aetiology with a rise in ASIR (APC: +0.86%). Age-standardised deaths related to all aetiologies of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases declined during the study period. Age-standardised deaths and DALYs related to MASH increased in the Americas, unlike all other world regions where they declined or remained stable.
conclusionsAge-adjusted deaths related to cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases are declining. However, the age-adjusted incidence of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases is increasing, driven by increases in the incidence of MASH.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.