ArticleTobacco induced diseases2025
The effect of specific and rotating health warnings on smoking risk perception and quitting intentions: Evidence from China.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThis study aims to investigate whether non-rotating, specific health risk messages on cigarette packaging could be a practical alternative to rotating health warnings to improve smokers' health risk perceptions and intentions to quit smoking.
methodsThe study employs a cross-sectional randomized survey experiment conducted among 1700 adult smokers (aged ≥18 years) in China, with data collected using a snowball sampling method. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the control group (viewed standard packaging with a general health warning), the rotating health risk text group (exposed to four rotating disease-related warnings), and the reproductive health risk text group (focused on smoking's impact on sexual health). After viewing the corresponding health warnings, participants reported their health risk perceptions and intentions to quit smoking, and responses to additional control variables.
resultsRotating health risk text warnings on cigarette packaging significantly increased participants' perceptions of cardiovascular (β=0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.35), digestive (β=0.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.37), respiratory (β=0.17; 95% CI: 0.07-0.26), and reproductive system risks (β=0.21; 95% CI: 0.06-0.37), while the non-rotating reproductive health risk text warnings only significantly improved perceptions of reproductive system risks (β=0.18; 95% CI: 0.10-0.25). Both types of text warnings significantly increased smokers' intentions to quit smoking (p≤0.001), indicating that non-rotating specific health risk warnings can be equally effective in promoting quitting intentions.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates that rotating health risk text on cigarette packaging offers comprehensive advantages in enhancing health risk perceptions. However, its effects on intentions to quit smoking are similar to those of non-rotating reproductive health risk warnings. These findings suggest that in contexts where implementing rotating warnings is challenging, non-rotating, specific health risk messages can serve as a feasible alternative to support the effective implementation of tobacco health warning policies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.