Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39926273›Full record

ArticleAnnals of clinical epidemiology2025

Introduction to Mendelian randomization.

Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Shan Luo, Masao Iwagami, Atsushi Goto

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of clinical epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Use of Mendelian Randomization to Unveil Metabolic Markers inJournal of Korean medical science · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Shiu Lun Au YeungSchool of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Shan LuoSchool of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Masao IwagamiInstitute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Atsushi GotoDepartment of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mendelian randomization (MR), i.e. instrumental variable analysis using genetic instruments, is an approach that incorporates population genetics to improve causal inference. Given that genetics are randomly allocated at conception, this resembles the randomization process in randomized controlled trials and hence is more resistant to unobserved confounding compared to conventional observational studies (e.g. cohort studies). The seminar paper briefly described the origin of MR and its underlying assumptions (relevance, independence, and exclusion restriction). This was followed by introducing one sample MR designs (in which instrument-exposure and instrument-outcome associations are derived from the same sample) and one sample MR design (in which instrument-exposure and instrument-outcome associations are derived from different samples). The seminar paper then summarized key aspects of MR studies, such as instrument selection, data sources for conducting MR studies, and statistical analyses. Variations of MR design were also introduced, such as how this design can inform the effect of drug targets (drug target MR). The STROBE-MR checklist and relevant MR guidelines were introduced. The seminar paper concluded by discussing the credibility crisis of MR studies.

Indexed as

CausalityGeneticsMendelian randomization

Identifiers

PMID39926273
PMCPMC11799858

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.