ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes mellitus: clinical characteristics and risk factors.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real world incidence, predictors and outcomes of endocrine immune-related adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitors.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Diabetes and cancer: glucose control impact on survival and tumor outcomes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Diabetes Mellitus-A Brief Review and Three Case Reports.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence indicates that immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes mellitus (ICI-DM) might be more common than initially reported, and more different clinical pictures associated with ICI-DM were described. Objective: The aim of our study was to identify the clinical characteristics and possible predictive factors of ICI-DM. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) at West China Hospital, Sichuan University until June 2023. Patients were reviewed at death or on 7 May 2024. We applied logistic regression to study the associations between clinical characteristics and ICI-DM. Results: Our study included 8,199 participants who received ICI between October 2014 and June 2023. Among them, 1,077 patients (13.14%) developed ICI-DM according to diagnostic criteria based on guidelines. By excluding patients influenced by glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants, ICI-DM was observed in 713 of 8,199 (8.70%) patients. In all patients, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, using glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants, lung cancer, and using more than one pathway of ICI were associated with a higher risk of ICI-DM. However, the risk factors for ICI-DM in patients without the influence of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants were only hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and pancreatic lesions. In all patients and those patients without the influence of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, hypertension and hyperlipidemia may increase the risk for ICI-DM. Conclusions: This large, real-world cohort demonstrates that the incidence of ICI-DM may be underestimated in previous literature. Blood glucose monitoring is needed in patients receiving ICI therapy. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300075974.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.