ArticlePsychological medicine2025
Panic disorder and suicide.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Intranasal Amiloride in Healthy Volunteers.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Trial
- Effects of Duration of Untreated Illness on Suicidal Ideation Among Patients With Panic Disorder.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPanic disorder (PD) may increase the likelihood of suicidal ideation and behaviors because of psychiatric comorbidities such as major depressive disorder (MDD). However, research has yet to demonstrate a direct relationship between PD and suicide mortality.
methodUsing data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 171,737 individuals with PD and 686,948 age- and sex-matched individuals without PD during 2003-2017. We assessed the risk of suicide within the same period. Psychiatric comorbidities such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and substance use disorder (SUD) were also evaluated. Time-dependent Cox regression models were used to compare the risk of suicide in different groups after adjustment for demographic data and psychiatric comorbidities.
resultsOur Cox regression model revealed that PD was an independent risk factor for suicide (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59-2.14), regardless of psychiatric comorbidities. Among all comorbidities, MDD with PD was associated with the highest risk of suicide (HR = 6.08, 95% CI = 5.48-6.74), followed by autism (HR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.66-12.29), schizophrenia (HR = 3.34, 95% CI = 2.7-4.13), bipolar disorder (HR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.71-3.79), AUD (HR = 2.99, 95% CI = 2.41-3.72), SUD (HR = 2.82, 95% CI = 2.28-3.47), and OCD (HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.64-2.67). DISCUSSION: PD is an independent risk factor for suicide. Psychiatric comorbidities (i.e. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, OCD, AUD, SUD, and autism) with PD increase the risk of suicide.
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