Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39924796›Full record

ReviewSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025

Electrochemical Exfoliation of Layered Non-van der Waals Crystals into 2D Nanosheets: MAX Phases and Beyond.

Lei Zheng, Heng Li, Evgeniya Kovalska, Jan Luxa, Ruizhi Yu, Huaijuan Zhou, Manfang Chen, Bing Wu, Zdenek Sofer

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lei ZhengDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic.
Heng LiDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic.
Evgeniya KovalskaDepartment of Engineering, Faculty of Environment Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
Jan LuxaDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic.
Ruizhi YuInstitute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China.
Huaijuan ZhouAdvanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Manfang ChenNational Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
Bing WuDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic.
Zdenek SoferDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-4448

Funding

Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars XSQD-6120220130
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

2D materials have rapidly gained attention due to their exceptional properties like high surface area, flexibility, and tunable electronic characteristics. These attributes make them highly versatile for applications in energy storage, electronics, and biomedicine. Inspired by graphene's success, researchers are exploring other 2D materials from bulk crystals. Electrochemical exfoliation (ECE) is an efficient method for producing these materials, offering more sustainable mild conditions, quick processing, simple equipment, and high yields. While substantial progress has been made in the ECE of layered van der Waals (L-vdW) crystals, the exploration of layered non-van der Waals (L-NvdW) materials remains in its early stages. This review delves into using ECE to create 2D nanoplatelets from L-NvdW crystals. A comparative analysis of exfoliation techniques is provided for L-vdW and L-NvdW materials, followed by a comprehensive overview of recent advances in ECE methods applied to L-NvdW crystals. The discussion is organized around key categories, including the selective extraction of "M" and "A" layers respectively from MAX phases, decalcification of Zintl phases, and oxide delocalization from metal oxides. It is concluded by highlighting the potential applications of these 2D materials and discussing the challenges and future directions in this evolving field.

Indexed as

2D materialsdelocalizationelectrochemical exfoliationlayered non‐van der Waals

Identifiers

PMID39924796
PMCPMC11899520

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.