Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39924707›Full record

ArticleBrain and behavior2025

Population-Based Norms for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Arab Adults.

Iman Amro, Aisha M Al Hamadi, Alaa A El Salem, Tawanda Chivese, Stacy S Wilkins, Salma M Khaled

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Iman AmroSocial and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Aisha M Al HamadiSocial and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Alaa A El SalemSocial and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Tawanda ChiveseDepartment of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Stacy S WilkinsClinical Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Salma M KhaledDepartment of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-3441

Funding

Hamad Medical Corporation- HMC (Qatar) through Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation trust (UK) QUEX-ESC-CPFT-18/19
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening instrument for detecting mild cognitive dysfunction, a precursor to many cognitive disorders, such as dementia, which have increased in prevalence globally. Qatar, a small high-income country, has the largest projected increase in dementia of any country in the Middle East. Yet no population-based norms for cognitive function are available to date.

methodsAs part of the first national cross-sectional study of mental health, a total of 395 Qatari and non-Qatari Arabs, 18-74 years of age, were evaluated face-to-face using the Arabic version of the original MoCA (version 7.1). We computed raw and demographically (gender, age in years, and four education categories) adjusted scores for the overall MoCA test and six domains (visuospatial, executive function, attention, language, delayed memory, and orientation). The percentile ranking of raw and adjusted normative (z) scores was computed. The 5th percentile ranking was used to derive potential cut-offs for the overall test and the six related domains.

resultsFemale gender, older age, and lower levels of education were associated with poorer overall test scores. The following MoCA overall test and domains cut-off scores (rounded to the nearest integer) were identified: MoCA (22), visuospatial (2), executive (2.5), attention (4), language (4), and delayed memory (3).

conclusionsOn the basis of our population-based data, scores below these 5th percentile cut-offs may warrant further testing and clinical follow-up for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in otherwise healthy Arab adults.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionMental Status and Dementia TestsAdolescentAdultAgedArabsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsQatarReference ValuesYoung Adultattentioncognitive functionexecutive functionsfluency (verbal/nonverbal)Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)norms/normative studies

Identifiers

PMID39924707
PMCPMC11807847

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.