Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39924639›Full record

ArticleFolia microbiologica2025

Probiotic characteristics and survival of a multi-strain lactic acid bacteria consortium in simulated gut model.

Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Saeeda Bashir, Afifa Afzal, Naghmana Andleeb, Lukasz Krych, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, Muhammad Imran

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Article in Folia microbiologica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Muhammad Nadeem KhanFaculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Saeeda BashirFaculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Afifa AfzalFaculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Naghmana AndleebFaculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Lukasz KrychDepartment of Food Science, Section for Food Microbiology and Fermentation, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Dennis Sandris NielsenDepartment of Food Science, Section for Food Microbiology and Fermentation, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Muhammad ImranFaculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. mimran@qau.edu.pk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-004X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dahi, a traditional yet underexplored fermented milk product from Pakistan, harbors diverse lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that have potential as probiotics. These bacteria could be used for therapeutic purposes, beneficial modulation of gut microbiota, and in the formulation of functional foods and feeds. This study aimed to isolate and characterize probiotic LAB from dahi, assess their survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and evaluate their safety and probiotic potential, both phenotypically and genotypically. A total of 143 isolates from 37 samples were evaluated for probiotic traits, including acid and bile tolerance, antibacterial activity, cholesterol-lowering capacity, and antioxidant activity. The strains were also tested for antibiotic sensitivity and safety through in vitro tests and genomic analysis. A multi-strain probiotic consortium was developed and tested for enhanced functionality. Out of 143 isolates, 62 LAB strains were identified. These strains demonstrated significant survival under acidic (pH 2) and bile conditions. Antibacterial activity against pathogens ranged from 51 to 88%. The strains exhibited high cholesterol removal (up to 98%) and antioxidant activity (up to 76%). Genomic analysis revealed the presence of key probiotic-related genes, including those for acid resistance, bile salt hydrolase, and adhesion. All strains were sensitive to EFSA-recommended antibiotics and exhibited no hemolytic or DNase activity, confirming their safety. The multi-strain consortium showed superior probiotic potential and survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. LAB strains isolated from dahi possess strong probiotic potential, confirmed through in vitro and genomic safety assessments. The multi-strain consortium holds promise for applications.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeGastrointestinal TractLactobacillalesMicrobial ConsortiaProbioticsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntioxidantsBile Acids and SaltsHumansMicrobial ViabilityPakistanAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntioxidantsBile Acids and SaltsBio-preservativesDahiGastrointestinal tractLactic acid bacteriaProbiotics

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.