Comparing self reported and physiological sleep quality from consumer devices to depression and neurocognitive performance.

Samir Akre, Zachary D Cohen, Amelia Welborn, Tomislav D Zbozinek, Brunilda Balliu, Michelle G Craske, Alex A T Bui

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

Research advances in physical activity and insomnia: a bibliometric and thematic evolution analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026
Pooled it
Relationship between sleep duration and sleep quality with hypertension in community dwelling adults: Ardakan Cohort Study on Ageing (ACSA).Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026
Article
Early Depression Detection in Social Media: Monitoring of Individual Nighttime Dynamics and Large Language Model Analysis.JMIR infodemiology · 2026
Article
Short-Term Sulfurous Balneotherapy and Self-Reported Sleep Quality: An Exploratory Retrospective Real-World Pre-Post Observational Study at Terme di Saturnia (Italy).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Article
Racial Differences in Self-Reported Sleep Continuity Disturbance, Problem Endorsement, and Daytime Dysfunction Among Black and White Non-Hispanic Adults in the United States.Nature and science of sleep · 2026
Article
Association of sleep patterns assessed by a smartphone application with work productivity loss among Japanese employees.NPJ digital medicine · 2025
Article
Sleep Trajectories in Amnestic and Non-Amnestic MCI: Longitudinal Insights from Subjective and Objective Assessments.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
Article
Social Media Detox and Youth Mental Health.JAMA network open · 2025
Observational

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Samir AkreMedical Informatics Home Area, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, USA. sakre@g.ucla.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-6399

Zachary D CohenDepartment of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd. (Building 68), Tucson, AZ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4883-1028

Amelia WelbornDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Tomislav D ZbozinekDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Brunilda BalliuDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Michelle G Craske *Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Alex A T Bui *Medical Informatics Home Area, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-1373

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust (Wellcome) 20222084:1

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between self-reported and physiologically measured sleep quality and their impact on neurocognitive performance in individuals with depression. Using data from 249 participants with medium to severe depression monitored over 13 weeks, sleep quality was assessed via retrospective self-report and physiological measures from consumer smartphones and smartwatches. Correlations between self-reported and physiological sleep measures were generally weak. Machine learning models revealed that self-reported sleep quality could detect all depression symptoms measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-14, whereas physiological sleep measures detected "sleeping too much" and low libido. Notably, only self-reported sleep disturbances correlated significantly with neurocognitive performance, specifically with processing speed. Physiological sleep was able to detect changes in self-reported sleep, medication use, and sleep latency. These findings emphasize that self-reported and physiological sleep quality are not measuring the same construct, and both are important to monitor when studying sleep quality in relation to depression.

Identifiers

PMID39924572

DOI10.1038/s41746-025-01493-6

PMCPMC11808080

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.