ArticleOne health outlook2025
Documenting challenges in achieving rabies elimination by 2030 in low-middle income countries; a Kenyan case study from Lamu County, 2020-2022: mixed methods approach.
Article in One health outlook, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evidence-based One Health strategy is essential to eliminate rabies by 2030.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Strengthening animal rabies surveillance through a public-private One Health collaboration: Insights from a field veterinarian workshop in Assam, India.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 Rabies Surveillance and Risk Factors in Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: A One Health Perspective.Infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of lateral flow assays in rapid livestock and poultry disease diagnostics.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2026Article
- Rabies outbreak in Lefeisa town, Somali region, Ethiopia: A report on epidemiological trends and one health implications.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Global Perspectives on Rabies Control and Elimination: A Scoping Review of Dog Owners' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- High awareness, low compliance: rabies knowledge and dog ownership practices among pastoralists, Marsabit County, Kenya.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundKenya launched a Rabies Elimination Strategy in 2014, aiming to end human rabies deaths by 2030. In March 2022, Lamu County reported increased cases of human dog bites and suspected rabies deaths to the Ministry of Health (MoH). We aimed to establish the extent of the rabies outbreak in humans and animals and determine the challenges to achieving rabies elimination by 2030.
methodsWe extracted dog bite reports from the Kenya Health Information System (KHIS), national surveillance database system, and reviewed medical records at health facilities in Lamu County for suspected human rabies deaths from 2020 to 2022. We obtained information about animal bites and illnesses in deceased persons, checked the availability of anti-rabies vaccines in health facilities, and administered rabies knowledge and practice questionnaires to health workers. For categorical data, frequencies and proportions were determined.
resultsThere were 787 dog bite cases and six human rabies cases. Only a third (2/6) of the rabies cases were uploaded to the KHIS. The county used targeted dog vaccination, and samples were not collected from the biting dogs. Regarding the availability of human rabies vaccines, half (8/16) of the facilities had the human rabies vaccine, and 19% (3/16) had both the human rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Rabies vaccine stock-outs were common at 73% (11/16). Only 25% (18/73) of the health workers reported their first action would be to clean the bite wound with running water and soap for 15 min. Additionally, 86% (54/63) did not know the recommended human rabies vaccine and RIG dosage and schedule, while 25% (18/73) of healthcare workers were satisfied with the existing information-sharing mechanisms between veterinary and human health departments for rabies prevention and control.
conclusionsThere was underreporting of rabies cases, a lack of awareness of bite wound management at health facilities, and persistent stockouts of human rabies vaccines. We suggest training healthcare workers on animal bite case management and improving One Health information exchange.
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