Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39923031›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025

Perspectives of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination among racially and ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men with and without HIV in the US South: findings from qualitative individual in-depth interviews.

Jake S Waldman, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann-Jackson, Sandy K Aguilar-Palma, Manuel Garcia, Benjamin D Smart, Scott D Rhodes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jake S WaldmanDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Jorge AlonzoDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Lilli Mann-JacksonDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Sandy K Aguilar-PalmaDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Manuel GarciaDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Benjamin D SmartDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scott D RhodesDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. srhodes@wakehealth.edu.

Funding

Identifying and addressing critical social, ethical, and behavioral factors associated with COVID-19 testing and vaccination among Spanish speakersU01MD017431 · NIMHD · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI RHODES, SCOTT D, TANNER, AMANDA E · 2022 to 2023
$1.1M
NIMHD NIH HHS U01 MD017431NIMHD NIH HHS U01MD017431
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe impact of COVID-19 on specific populations, including gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), varies based on a range of factors such as access to health care, underlying health behaviors and conditions, and social determinants of health. Our community-based participatory research partnership sought to better understand perspectives about and experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccination, and related health care among GBMSM.

methodsWe collected, analyzed, and interpreted qualitative in-depth interview data from a diverse sample of GBMSM (N = 30) in North Carolina, USA. Using purposive sampling, we recruited native English (n = 15) and Spanish (n = 15) speakers and persons with HIV (n = 13) and persons without HIV (n = 17). We analyzed interview data using constant comparison, an approach to grounded theory.

resultsParticipant mean was 33.4 (SD = 8.5) years. Sixteen themes emerged that were categorized into five domains: trust/mistrust of politicians, healthcare professionals, and the US government (n = 4 themes); engagement in COVID-19 prevention strategies (n = 2 themes); attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination (n = 3 themes); access to and use of health care (n = 4 themes); and impact of COVID-19 on social determinants of health and mental health (n = 3 themes).

conclusionsThis research increases our understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic among particularly minoritized and underserved communities: racially and ethnically diverse, English- and Spanish-speaking GBMSM with and without HIV in the US South. By addressing the unique needs and concerns of these communities, we can promote more equitable public health responses; enhance preventive healthcare delivery; improve preparedness for subsequent outbreaks (e.g., mpox), epidemics, and pandemics; and be better equipped to support delivery and uptake of potential future preventive HIV vaccines among communities impacted by health disparities.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHIV InfectionsHomosexuality, MaleSexual and Gender MinoritiesVaccinationAdultEthnicityHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedNorth CarolinaQualitative ResearchSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 VaccinesAfrican American/BlackBisexualCOVID-19GayHIVLatinoMSMQualitativeSouthVaccination

Identifiers

PMID39923031
PMCPMC11806891

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.