Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39923012›Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2025

Association between a publicly funded universal drug program and antipsychotic and antidepressant medication dispensing to children.

Sophie A Kitchen, Tara Gomes, Mina Tadrous, Kathleen Pajer, William Gardner, Yona Lunsky, Melanie Penner, David Juurlink, Muhammad Mamdani, Tony Antoniou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sophie A KitchenICES, Toronto, Canada.
Tara GomesICES, Toronto, Canada.
Mina TadrousICES, Toronto, Canada.
Kathleen PajerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
William GardnerICES, Toronto, Canada.
Yona LunskyICES, Toronto, Canada.
Melanie PennerAutism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
David JuurlinkICES, Toronto, Canada.
Muhammad MamdaniICES, Toronto, Canada.
Tony AntoniouICES, Toronto, Canada. Tony.antoniou@unityhealth.to.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe prescribing of antidepressants and antipsychotics to children has increased worldwide, but little is known about how changes in drug funding policy influence the practice. In 2018, Ontario introduced a universal pharmacare program (OHIP+) for children and youth, amending it in April 2019 to cover only those without private insurance. We examined the association of these policy changes with antipsychotic and antidepressant medication prescribing.

methodsWe conducted a population-based study of antidepressant and antipsychotic medication dispensing to children ≤ 18 years old between September 1, 2014, and February 29, 2020. We obtained dispensing data from the IQVIA Geographic Prescription Monitor database, and used interventional autoregressive integrated moving average models to examine whether the implementation of OHIP + and its subsequent revision were associated with changes in dispensing.

resultsThe implementation of OHIP + was not associated with changes in the rate of antidepressants (-19.3 units per 1,000 population; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -41.7 to 3.1) or antipsychotics (+ 1.0 unit per 1,000 population; 95% CI: -5.4 to 7.5) dispensed. Similarly, subsequent changes to the program restricting coverage to children without private insurance were not associated with antidepressant (0.3 units per 1,000; 95% CI: -7.4 to 7.9) or antipsychotic (1.0 units per 1,000; 95% CI: -0.9 to 2.9) dispensing trends.

conclusionImplementation of a publicly-funded pharmacare program did not influence trends in antidepressant or antipsychotic medication dispensing among children.

Indexed as

Antidepressive AgentsAntipsychotic AgentsDrug PrescriptionsInsurance, Pharmaceutical ServicesPractice Patterns, Physicians'AdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFinancing, GovernmentHumansInfantMaleOntarioAntidepressive AgentsAntipsychotic AgentsAdolescentAntidepressantAntipsychotic agentsChildPolicy analysisTime-series analysis

Identifiers

PMID39923012
PMCPMC11806594

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.