Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39922870›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Epidemiological trends and predictions of urinary tract infections in the global burden of disease study 2021.

Yining He, Jing Zhao, Lanhui Wang, Chao Han, Ruxue Yan, Peiqi Zhu, Tianyang Qian, Siyao Yu, Xiaolin Zhu, Weiming He

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. UropathogenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  5. Inherited Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infections from Kidney Papilla to Bladder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Rising antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in Türkiye: an urgent need for update on regional treatment strategies and for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship efforts.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. In vitro activity of furazidin and comparator agents against bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yining He *Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Jing Zhao *Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Lanhui WangDivision of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Chao HanDivision of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Ruxue YanDivision of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Peiqi ZhuDivision of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Tianyang QianDivision of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Siyao YuDivision of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Xiaolin ZhuDepartment of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210017, China. 376586755@qq.com.
Weiming HeDivision of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China. yfy0019@njucm.edu.cn.

Funding

Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center No. 202215the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province SJCX23_0907the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province SJCX24_0954the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province SJCX24_1009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent; however, comprehensive and current epidemiological data remain scarce. This study examined the global, national, and regional burden of UTIs by sex, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2021. The 2021 Global Burden of Disease study included age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardised prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardised death rate (ASDR), and age-standardised disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDAR). The estimated annual percentage change was used to depict temporal trends, whereas Pearson correlation analysis explore its correlation with the human development index (HDI), the SDI, and age-standardised rates (ASRs). An autoregressive integrated moving average model forecasted the UTI burden trends. From 1990 to 2021, the number of UTI cases increased by 66.45%, reaching 4.49 billion cases, with an ASIR of 5,531.88 per 100,000 population. The greatest incidence of UTIs was seen in women and older adult men. Tropical Latin America and low-middle SDI regions exhibited the highest ASIR, ASPR, ASDR, and ASDAR, while East Asia showed the lowest. ASDR and ASDAR decreased with higher SDI levels. ASR and HDI were weakly positively correlated with ASDR and ASDAR. ASIR, ASPR, and ASDAR are projected to increase until 2050. The global burden of UTIs is rising and is influenced by geographical location, age, sex, and economic development, crucial for guiding medical practices and forming relevant policies.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseUrinary Tract InfectionsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleDisability-adjusted life yearsGlobal burden of disease studyIncidenceMortalityPrevalenceUrinary tract infection

Identifiers

PMID39922870
PMCPMC11807111

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.