Modelling on Extractions and Micro Nano Encapsulation of Pistacia terebintus Cambium Layer Gum Essential Oil; Antioxidant Activity and Structural Approach Via XRD, SEM and TGA/DSC.

Eyyup Karaogul, Abdulhalik Ugurtay, Stephen S Kelley, M Hakki Alma

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

Comparative Study of the Gel-Forming Ability of Type I Collagens Extracted from Different Organs and Fish Species.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Eyyup KaraogulDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey. e.karaogul@harran.edu.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-6838

Abdulhalik UgurtayDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-1347

Stephen S KelleyDepartment of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5048-3560

M Hakki AlmaDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6323-7230

Funding

THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF TÜRKİYE (TUBITAK) TUB1

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study explored the extraction and microencapsulation of essential oil from Pistacia terebinthus cambium layer gum (PTG-EO) using response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize extraction efficiency. Significant factors such as extraction method, time, and power were optimized for conventional extraction (CE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), yielding 24.48 and 21.97% essential oil, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency was influenced by temperature, water activity, and oil/wall ratio. The chemical profile of PTG-EO revealed α-pinene as the main component (80.65%). Antioxidant activity, assessed using DPPH and ABTS, showed that freeze-dried nanoencapsulated powder (NcP-Fr) exhibited superior radical scavenging activity compared to spray-dried micro-encapsulated powders (McP-Sp). SEM analysis revealed microspherical encapsulation with sizes around 33.52 μm. Thermal degradation studies showed that the essential oil release from the wall material started at approximately 200 °C, with 10.06% of the oil being released by this temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystallinity/amorphous ratio (14.4/85.56%) and confirmed the stable, homogeneous encapsulation structure, supporting the strong antioxidant performance of NcP-Fr.

Indexed as

AntioxidantsOils, VolatilePistaciaPlant GumsBicyclic MonoterpenesCalorimetry, Differential ScanningDrug CompoundingMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningMonoterpenesThermogravimetryX-Ray Diffractionalpha-pineneAntioxidantsBicyclic MonoterpenesMonoterpenesOils, VolatilePlant GumsAntioxidantCambium-layer gumMathematical optimizationMicro/nano-encapsulationMorphological structurePistacia terebinthusΑ-pinene

Identifiers

PMID39921776

DOI10.1007/s11130-024-01274-8

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.