Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39921577›Full record

ArticleJournal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics2025

Plasma and Urine Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Injectable Omeprazole Following Intramuscular Administrations to Healthy Thoroughbred Horses.

Caitlin Harding, Marjaana Viljanto, Pamela Hincks, Jocelyn Habershon-Butcher, Stuart W Paine

Abstract readClinical Trial, Veterinary
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Caitlin HardingLGC Limited, Fordham, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0961-8849
Marjaana ViljantoLGC Limited, Fordham, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-9812
Pamela HincksLGC Limited, Fordham, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0810-9284
Jocelyn Habershon-ButcherBritish Horse Racing Authority, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-797X
Stuart W PaineSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9443-2311

Funding

British Horse Racing Authority
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Omeprazole is a gastric acid secretion inhibitor used as an effective anti-ulcer drug. Based on oral administration studies, its International Screening Limit (ISL) was established in plasma and urine at 1 ng/mL with a Detection Time (DT) of 48 h. A novel formulation of injectable omeprazole has since been released, and therefore, a pharmacokinetic study was performed to assess the DT above the ISL against current advice. Six Thoroughbred horses were given four repeated weekly intramuscular administrations of omeprazole (4 mg/kg). Plasma and urine omeprazole concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the current plasma and urine ISL (1 ng/mL), the DT for this long-acting omeprazole formulation administered at 4 mg/kg once per week is greater than 384 h (16 days) in both plasma and urine. Thus realistically, despite the appeal of giving an injection once per week rather than oral medication daily over a long period of time, this would make treatment for horses in training with the long-acting product challenging within the rules of racing. It would therefore most likely be used for horses outside of training, and the oral formulation would still be legitimately used during training.

Indexed as

Anti-Ulcer AgentsOmeprazoleAnimalsArea Under CurveDelayed-Action PreparationsFemaleHalf-LifeHorsesInjections, IntramuscularMaleAnti-Ulcer AgentsDelayed-Action PreparationsOmeprazoledetection timehorseintramuscularomeprazolepharmacokinetics

Identifiers

PMID39921577
PMCPMC12066935

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.