ArticleGastroenterology2025
Burden and Cost of Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Pancreatic Diseases in the United States: Update 2024.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- AEG-AESPANC-OPGE-SIED-SPG Ibero-Latin American Guidelines on Acute Pancreatitis (iLATAM-AP).United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Guideline
- Upper Versus Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Hospitalizations: A National Analysis, 2016-2022.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Prognostic Value of Perioperative Inflammatory-Immune-Nutritional Indicators in Advanced Gallbladder Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Natural History of Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: Implications for Interventional Trial Design.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Natural Language Processing Algorithm Accurately Classifies Diverticulitis-Related Complications and Predicts Long-Term Outcomes.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2026Article
- Trends in Incidence and Prevalence of Acute Pancreatitis in the United States: A Population-Based Analysis from 1995 to 2024.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Irritable bowel syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Racial, Ethnic, and Immigration-Related Disparities Across the Gastrointestinal Care Continuum: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Genetic and pharmacologic modulations elucidate NRF2 protective role in acute pancreatitis.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2026Article
- Integrated analyses of in vivo mouse models and liver organoids reveal MFG-E8-mediated protection against hepatocyte injury.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2026Article
- Optimizing Evaluation of Gastroesophageal Reflux With Atypical Symptoms: Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Minimalization Analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2026Article
- The Impact of Specific Prompt Engineering Techniques on the Readability of LLM-Generated Patient Materials in Gastroenterology and Hepatology.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Age threshold and symptoms are useful for scheduling upper endoscopy in clinical practice.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Timing and Location are Keys: ERCP Success and Its Benefit in MPD Injury after Acute Pancreatitis.Current medical science · 2026Article
- Beyond the Snapshot: Overcoming GES Limitations to Characterize Gastric Phenotypes and Therapeutic Responses Using a 6-Day Ambulatory Wearable Monitor.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Rapid Interval Development of a Left Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm During Acute Interstitial Edematous Pancreatitis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Transitioning Adolescents and Young Adults With Neurogastroenterology and Motility Disorders to Adult Care. Current Practices and Challenges in North America.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- A Patient-Centered Ethical Framework for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Care: Communication, Trust, Nutrition-Sensitive Care, and Self-Management.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Gastrointestinal endoscopic image classification using a hybrid modified inception network and a customized vision transformer with tree growth feature selection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsA contemporary report describing the burden and expenditures of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases can be helpful for policy makers, administrators, and researchers. Using the most recent data, we estimated the burden and costs associated with GI diseases in the United States.
methodsWe generated estimates using data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study 2017-2018 (symptoms), National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2019 and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2019 (ambulatory visits), Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2021 (emergency department visits), National Inpatient Sample 2021 (admissions), Kids' Inpatient Database 2019 (admissions), National Program of Cancer Registries 2001-2021 (cancer incidence), National Center for Health Statistics 2001-2021 (cancer mortality), Centers for Disease Control Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research 2021 (non-cancer mortality), MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters data 2002-2021 (endoscopy), MarketScan Medicare Supplemental data 2002-2021 (endoscopy), United Network for Organ Sharing Registry 2023 (transplant), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2021 (expenditures), and National Institutes of Health (NIH) 2012-2025 (research).
resultsIn 2021, GI health care expenditures totaled $111.8 billion. A GI diagnosis or symptom led to 14.5 million emergency department visits and 2.9 million hospital admissions. There were 315,065 new GI cancers diagnosed. GI diseases caused 281,413 deaths. In 2022, an estimated 23.5 million GI endoscopies were performed. In 2023, the NIH supported $3.6 billion for GI research, which represents 7.4% of the NIH budget.
conclusionGI diseases are responsible for a considerable and growing burden of health care use and costs. Funding innovative GI science and supporting the practice of GI medicine are critical to meeting the burden of GI illness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.