Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39920832›Full record

ArticleActa veterinaria Scandinavica2025

Flexible assessment of biosecurity in small- and medium scale poultry farms in low and middle income countries.

Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Naomi P Kemunto, Dishon M Muloi, Anders Miki Bojesen, Theodore Knight-Jones, Dreck Ayebare, Michel Dione, Eugine L Ibayi, Louise Ladefoged Poulsen, Arshnee Moodley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Acta veterinaria Scandinavica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Søren Saxmose NielsenDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. saxmose@sund.ku.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2417-0787
Naomi P KemuntoDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Dishon M MuloiAnimal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Anders Miki BojesenDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Theodore Knight-JonesAnimal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Dreck AyebareDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Michel DioneAnimal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Eugine L IbayiAnimal and Human Health Department, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
Louise Ladefoged PoulsenDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Arshnee MoodleyDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme 10113646
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBiosecurity measures are essential for mitigating the risk of pathogen introduction and spread in farms. While standardised tools for monitoring biosecurity implementation exist, they are often not tailored to the specific needs of low and middle income countries (LMICs), where pathogen occurrence and farming practices can be highly variable compared to intensive high income country settings. The aim of our study was to develop a flexible risk assessment tool for evaluating biosecurity practices on small and medium-scale poultry farms in LMICs. The methodology described here allows local experts to adapt the tool to current conditions.

resultsThe development process began by combining two existing questionnaires. These were evaluated by nine experts with expertise in diverse farming systems in LMICs. The experts conducted a knowledge aggregation process to assign weights to the different areas and individual questions within the questionnaires. The median scores from the final expert elicitation informed the weighting of questions in the newly developed questionnaire. These weights are adaptable and can be adjusted to reflect population-specific conditions, which may vary in pathogen load and farming practices.

conclusionsWe have developed a flexible biosecurity assessment tool tailored to small-and medium-scaled poultry farms in LMICs. This tool can be used as presented or adapted to local conditions through the input of local experts, allowing for effective and context-specific biosecurity monitoring.

Indexed as

Animal HusbandryBiosecurityDeveloping CountriesPoultry DiseasesAnimalsFarmsPoultryRisk AssessmentSurveys and QuestionnairesContext-specific biosecurityFit-for-purpose biosecurityLMICPoultryRisk managementRisk mitigation

Identifiers

PMID39920832
PMCPMC11806742

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.