ArticleInternational journal of behavioral medicine2026
The Impact of Depression on Bedtime Procrastination in High School Students in Pandemic era: The Mediating Roles of Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability.
Article in International journal of behavioral medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A meta-analytic reliability generalization study of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The association between procrastination and negative emotions in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Teaching and learning high school mathematics in the post-COVID-19 era: investigating the emotion factor.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBedtime procrastination is a common sleep problem that adolescents encounter. This study aimed to investigate the association between bedtime procrastination and depression in Korean high schoolers, while accounting for possible mediators including viral anxiety, resilience, and personality traits.
methodA total of 300 high school students participated in the study. An online survey was conducted from October 18 to 24, 2021. The survey included the Bedtime Procrastination Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items, Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items, Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 2-items, and Ten-Item Personality Inventory.
resultsBedtime procrastination was positively associated with depression (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with resilience (r = -0.14, p = 0.020), extraversion (r = -0.14, p = 0.015), conscientiousness (r = -0.33, p < 0.001), and emotional stability (r = -0.30, p < 0.001). Linear regression revealed that higher levels of bedtime procrastination were significantly associated with increased depression (β = 0.21, p < 0.001) and personality traits such as lower conscientiousness (β = -0.22, p < 0.001) and lower emotional stability (β = -0.14, p = 0.022). Mediation analysis showed that depression had a direct effect on bedtime procrastination, and depression had an indirect effect on bedtime procrastination that was partially mediated by conscientiousness or emotional stability.
conclusionIn Korean high school students, more bedtime procrastination shows a significant association with higher levels of depression, which is in part mediated by personality traits.
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