Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39920380›Full record

ArticlePsychopharmacology2025

Time to choose: impact of intertrial interval on selecting between methamphetamine and food reinforcement in male and female rats.

Marlaina R Stocco, Mari Purpura, Philip A Vieira, Kira Wallquist, Sijia Wang, Julia Adams, Karen K Szumlinski, Tod E Kippin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Continuous, Week-Long, Seconds-ResolvedJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Marlaina R StoccoDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. marlainastocco@ucsb.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-5315
Mari PurpuraDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Philip A VieiraDepartment of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA.
Kira WallquistDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sijia WangDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Julia AdamsDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Karen K SzumlinskiDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Tod E KippinDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.

Funding

Modular, in-situ probes of brain chemistryR01DA051100 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI KIPPIN, TOD EDWARD, PLAXCO, KEVIN W · 2020 to 2023
$2.1M
Incubated drug-craving and neurochemical interactionsR01DA053328 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI SZUMLINSKI, KAREN KATHLEEN · 2021 to 2025
$1.8M
High precision pharmacokinetic measurements in brain using a novel aptamer-based biosensorSC2GM127268 · NIGMS · CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV-DOMINGUEZ HILLS · PI VIEIRA, PHILIP ANDREW · 2019 to 2021
$422k
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA051100NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA053328NIGMS NIH HHS SC2 GM127268NIH HHS 1R01DA51100-01A1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleA central component of substance use disorder is the maladaptive choice of the drug over natural reinforcers. Compared to other drugs of abuse, methamphetamine (METH) choice has received limited study.

objectiveWe sought to characterize the role of intertrial interval on METH choice behavior.

methodsWe examined the choice of METH versus food, across multiple METH doses (0.05-0.2 mg/kg/infusion), between male and female rats, employing a fixed ratio (FR1) reinforcement schedule with intertrial intervals (ITIs) of 20 and 600 s. Rats learned to lever-press for either the METH or the food reinforcer during separate, alternating training sessions. Rats then underwent choice testing, where both levers were presented for 25 discreet trials per session. Lastly, under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule, breakpoints for METH and food were assessed during separate, alternating sessions.

resultsMETH choice was substantially higher when using the 20 s versus 600 s ITI. When the 20 s ITI was used, choice was dose- but not sex-dependent. When using the 600 s ITI, choice was influenced by dose and sex, with female rats in the higher dose group choosing METH more than other groups. PR breakpoints were higher for METH than for food, and this effect was more pronounced among female rats. METH choice was positively correlated with the ratio of METH/food breakpoints.

conclusionReinforcement schedule parameters, namely ITI, during discrete choice testing can markedly influence METH choice behavior; thus, this should be carefully considered during experiment design and selected based on overarching study aims.

Indexed as

Central Nervous System StimulantsChoice BehaviorMethamphetamineReinforcement, PsychologyReinforcement ScheduleAnimalsConditioning, OperantDose-Response Relationship, DrugFemaleFoodMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySelf AdministrationTime FactorsCentral Nervous System StimulantsMethamphetamineAddictionBreakpointChoiceCocaineDoseIntertrial intervalMethamphetamineReinforcement scheduleSelf-administrationSex difference

Identifiers

PMID39920380
PMCPMC11890418

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.