SynthesisScientific reports2025
A comprehensive scoping review and meta-analysis of upper limb strength asymmetry.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comment on "Associations of Handgrip Strength Weakness and Asymmetry With New-Onset Stroke in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study in Europe".Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- "Associations of Handgrip Strength Weakness and Asymmetry With New-Onset Stroke in Older European Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study" by Luo and Luo.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- The impact of hand dominance on haptic and visual size comparisons.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Acute beetroot juice supplementation improves selected physical performance parameters, but not cardiovascular responses in healthy older women: a randomized clinical trial.European journal of translational myology · 2026Article
- Associations of Handgrip Strength Weakness and Asymmetry With New-Onset Stroke in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study in Europe.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- Trajectory dynamics and endpoint accuracy in targeted ballistic contractions.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Kinematic and kinetic differences between lead and rear straight punches in elite boxers: bilateral asymmetry and training implications.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Isokinetic shoulder rotator strength profiles in elite male Para athletes.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Relationship Between Neuromuscular Fatigue and Manual Dexterity in Physiotherapists: An Observational Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Anthropometric and Neuromuscular Characteristics of Breakers Across Different Performance Levels: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Field-Based Study.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2026Article
- Occupational Comparison of Handgrip, Pinch Grip, and Response Time in Firefighters and Police Officers.International journal of exercise science · 2026Article
- Upper-Limb asymmetry in wheelchair para-athletes: a comparative analysis across sports disciplines.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Continuous wavelet transform-based analysis of shoulder muscle fatigue during dynamic abduction: a surface electromyography study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Effects of local information and egocentric reference frames on estimation of biological motion direction.Psychological research · 2025Article
- Associations Between Physical Stimulus Size and Vertical Response Locations.Experimental psychology · 2025Article
- Wearable Sensor Analysis of Movement Biomechanics and Lateralization in Dart Throwing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Asymmetry of muscle co-activation during the two-armed kettlebell swing: insights into neuromuscular stability.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The "10% rule" of handedness asserts the dominant hand is 10% stronger than the non-dominant hand. Primarily derived from handgrip data, it is unclear if a generalized asymmetry exists across the upper limb. Understanding how strength asymmetry may be affected by handedness, sex, and exertion type has important implications for ergonomics design, sports performance, and clinical rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to systematically synthesize currently available evidence examining upper limb strength asymmetry. 10,061 results were retrieved, and 174 studies remained after title/abstract screening. 87 studies were synthesized. Results are compiled by exertion type and manner of asymmetry comparison (i.e. right/left, dominant/non-dominant). Asymmetry ratios were calculated to examine the effects of handedness, exertion side, arm region, and sex. Strength differences were most frequently reported for grip exertions (n = 49). 25 studies reported other joint strength asymmetries. Overall, the right limb was 6.7% stronger than the left limb (n = 9342) and the dominant limb was 11.6% stronger than the non-dominant limb (n = 9327), though strength asymmetry varied across joints and movements (2.1% to 19.5%). This research demonstrates that the 10% rule is a good approximation for upper limb strength asymmetry. However, several factors, including joint, movement type, and sex, can affect this relationship.
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Registered trials
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