ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2025
High stakes: Associations between substance use and gambling behaviors by race in the United States.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Incidence and predictors of problem gambling in first-episode psychosis: A prospective multicentre cohort study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Observational
- Off-label and investigational drugs in the treatment of gambling disorder: a critical review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsThis study examined how substance use patterns influence gambling behaviors across racial/ethnic groups, amid expanding legalization of both substances and gambling in the US.
methodsA nationally representative survey of 6543 US adults was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024. Participants reported on alcohol, cannabis, opioid, and stimulant use, along with gambling activities. Multivariate logistic regression models analyzed substance-gambling associations, incorporating race-substance use interaction terms and demographic controls.
resultsSubstance use showed robust associations with gambling behaviors, with stimulant use demonstrating the strongest relationships (online gambling OR=4.694, 95 % CI: 1.876-11.745; casino gaming OR=3.055, 95 % CI: 1.318-7.084). These associations varied markedly by race/ethnicity: Hispanic adults showed the strongest substance-gambling patterns, with cannabis use associated with substantial increases in online gambling (22.6 %, p =0.003), casino table games (19.1 %, p =0.037), and machine gaming (19.2 %, p =0.044). Non-Hispanic Black adults demonstrated high baseline gambling odds independent of substance use but showed specific cannabis-sports gambling associations (15.0 %, p =0.011). Non-Hispanic White adults exhibited moderate substance-associated increases, particularly in online gambling (6.7 %, p =0.001) and casino gaming (5.6 %, p =0.010). Any past-year drug use was significantly associated with multiple gambling types (OR range: 1.376-2.330, p <0.05).
conclusionRace and ethnicity significantly moderate substance-gambling associations, suggesting distinct addiction vulnerability pathways across populations. The concurrent expansion of substance access and novel gambling modalities, particularly mobile platforms, presents emerging public health challenges that require longitudinal investigation of causal mechanisms and development of culturally-informed prevention strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.