ReviewVaccine2025
Realist review of low- to upper-middle-income country experiences on integration of HPV vaccination with other adolescent health services.
Review in Vaccine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntegration of HPV vaccination with other adolescent health services may be associated with favorable programme outcomes including coverage, sustainability, and equitable delivery. Interest in such integrated approaches is building. However, the empirical evidence on how an integrated approach might be used to effectively deliver HPV vaccines and other adolescent health services has not been consolidated in a manner sufficient to inform policy and programmes.
methodsWe conducted a realist synthesis review of published experiences from low- to upper-middle-income countries. Experts were invited as review commissioners, informing development and iteration of a programme theory of change (TOC). Our search strategy queried three large academic peer-review databases, grey literature, and a "snowball" of citations from key reference articles. We extracted learnings from specific real-world country experiences, exploring theoretical constructs describing the context in which an integration mechanism may deliver intended outcomes.
resultsOf 1961 peer-reviewed articles and 16 grey literature articles identified, 8 articles met inclusion criteria, providing data from 6 country experiences to develop an iterated TOC. There were notable gaps in evidence regarding how an integrated approach might meet unique needs of underserved populations, including out of school youth and those affected by HIV. TOC iterations yielded 9 new factors and 4 discarded factors. Notable new factors included a multisectoral cooperation mechanism, linked to the use of a large number of other mechanisms, including integration of cost-sharing, supply chain distribution, and programme monitoring.
conclusionThis realist synthesis is to our knowledge the first review consolidating operational evidence on how an integrated approach might be used to effectively deliver HPV vaccines and other adolescent health services. Our iterated TOC provides a framework to guide future implementation research, to ensure attribution of observed effects to an integrated approach is merited - and to inform decision-making in adolescent immunization policy and programmes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.