Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39919175›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Biodegradable origami enables closed-loop sustainable robotic systems.

Pingdong Wei, Zhuang Zhang, Shaoru Cheng, Yao Meng, Mengjie Tong, Luoqian Emu, Wei Yan, Yanlin Zhang, Yunjie Wang, Jingyang Zhao and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Adaptable weaving origami.Science advances · 2026
    Article
  2. Stochastic Entanglement of Deterministic Origami Tentacles For Robust Robotic Grasping.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Photochemical Fuel Carrier Molecules for Robotic Embodied Energy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Ecosystem-Centered Robot Design: Toward Ecoresorbable Sustainability Robots (ESRs).Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  6. Monolithic 3D Printing of Origami-Inspired Soft Robotics from Sustainable Bio-Based Resin.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Pingdong WeiSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.ORCID 0009-0008-7548-8000
Zhuang ZhangAcademy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3834-3477
Shaoru ChengSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.ORCID 0009-0007-5422-9547
Yao MengSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.
Mengjie TongCollege of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China.ORCID 0009-0003-9685-857X
Luoqian EmuSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.
Wei YanSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.
Yanlin ZhangSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.ORCID 0009-0009-6767-9832
Yunjie WangSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.
Jingyang ZhaoSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3566-3336
Changyu XuSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5771-3664
Feng ZhaiCollege of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China.
Junqiang LuSchool of Mathematics Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9360-920X
Lei WangSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4128-687X
Hanqing JiangSchool of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1947-4420

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Robots are increasingly integral across various sectors due to their efficiency and superior capabilities, which enable performance beyond human potential. However, the development of robotic systems often conflicts with the sustainable development goals set by the United Nations, as they generate considerable nondegradable waste and organic/inorganic pollutants throughout their life cycle. In this paper, we introduce a dual closed-loop robotic system that integrates biodegradable, sustainable materials such as plasticized cellulose films and NaCl-infused ionic conductive gelatin organogels. These materials undergo a closed-loop ecological cycle from processing to biodegradation, contributing to new growth, while the self-sensing, origami-based robot supports a seamless human-in-the-loop teleoperation system. This innovative approach represents a paradigm shift in the application of soft robotic systems, offering a path toward a more sustainable future by aligning advanced robotic functionalities with environmental stewardship.

Identifiers

PMID39919175
PMCPMC11804903

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.