ArticleeLife2025
A 'torn bag mechanism' of small extracellular vesicle release via limiting membrane rupture of en bloc released amphisomes (amphiectosomes).
Article in eLife, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exosome Biogenesis: Meta-Analysis of Intraluminal Vesicle Size Across Species.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Stress-Induced Switch in Small Extracellular Vesicle Secretion: From Constitutive 'Torn Bag Mechanism' to Exocytosis.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Condensates on the Move: Midbody Remnants as Large, Translation-Competent Extracellular Vesicles.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and functions of large extracellular vesicle biogenesis.Nature cell biology · 2026Review
- Molecular and Structural Characterization Reveals Divergent Extracellular Vesicle Profiles Between Wild Type and Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrocortical Organoids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Large extracellular vesicles and blebbisomes in cancer: emerging and translational opportunities highlights.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Autophagic extracellular vesicles (AEVs) are distinct from exosomes and play crucial roles in viral infections.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sphingolipids in Extracellular Vesicles Released From the Skeletal Muscle Plasma Membrane Control Muscle Stem Cell Fate During Muscle Regeneration.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Extracellular membrane particles en route to the nucleus - exploring the VOR complex.Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Review
- Deciphering Platelets: Are They Cells or an Evolved Form of Extracellular Vesicles?Circulation research · 2025Review
- Article
- Advances in the role of extracellular vesicles in circulating microRNA biomarker discovery for lung cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: Biology and Therapeutic Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies showed an unexpected complexity of extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis pathways. We previously found evidence that human colorectal cancer cells in vivo release large multivesicular body-like structures en bloc. Here, we tested whether this large EV type is unique to colorectal cancer cells. We found that all cell types we studied (including different cell lines and cells in their original tissue environment) released multivesicular large EVs (MV-lEVs). We also demonstrated that upon spontaneous rupture of the limiting membrane of the MV-lEVs, their intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) escaped to the extracellular environment by a 'torn bag mechanism'. We proved that the MV-lEVs were released by ectocytosis of amphisomes (hence, we termed them amphiectosomes). Both ILVs of amphiectosomes and small EVs separated from conditioned media were either exclusively CD63 or LC3B positive. According to our model, upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with autophagosomes, fragments of the autophagosomal inner membrane curl up to form LC3B positive ILVs of amphisomes, while CD63 positive small EVs are of multivesicular body origin. Our data suggest a novel common release mechanism for small EVs, distinct from the exocytosis of multivesicular bodies or amphisomes, as well as the small ectosome release pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.