Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39918270›Full record

ArticleAnalytical chemistry2025

Chemically Specific Coherent Raman Imaging of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Its Sequelae.

Alba M Arbiol Enguita, Laurin Zöller, Teemu Tomberg, Mikko J Heikkilä, Jukka K S Saarinen, Lea Wurr, Tom Konings, Alexandra Correia, Christoph Saal, Jennifer Dressman and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Analytical chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Alba M Arbiol EnguitaDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0009-0009-8721-4100
Laurin ZöllerFraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Teemu TombergDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-3448-2880
Mikko J HeikkiläDepartment of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Jukka K S SaarinenDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-5699-4054
Lea WurrDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Tom KoningsDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Alexandra CorreiaDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Christoph SaalBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
Jennifer DressmanFraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Clare J StrachanDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-3134-8918

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a pivotal role in processes ranging from cellular structure reorganization to the formation of crystalline structures in materials science. In the pharmaceutical field, it has been demonstrated to impact drug crystallization and delivery. To date, characterization of LLPS has been limited to nonspatially resolved or nonchemically resolved analyses. In this study, we employed chemically specific stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), combined with second harmonic generation (SHG), for the first time to image crystallization in the presence of LLPS. Using the model compound ibuprofen, we examined the interplay between LLPS and crystallization, and explored the influence of both dissolution medium and enantiomeric form on this behavior. In doing so, we also discovered and partially characterized a new polymorph of (S)-ibuprofen. Our results demonstrate the potential of correlative SRS and SHG for monitoring phase separation and crystallization in real time, giving mechanistic insights into the spatial distribution, chemical composition and structure of phase-separated domains and newly formed crystals. Such insights could benefit not only pharmaceutical development, but also the biomedical, food and chemical sectors.

Indexed as

IbuprofenLiquid-Liquid ExtractionSpectrum Analysis, RamanCrystallizationPhase SeparationPhase TransitionIbuprofen

Identifiers

PMID39918270
PMCPMC11840799

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.