Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39917870›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2024

A cycle of invisibilisation: a qualitative study of Brazilian health system factors shaping access to long COVID care.

Emma-Louise Aveling, Bárbara Caldas, Brenda Sabaine, Margareth Crisóstomo Portela, Letícia Soares, Flora Cornish

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ global health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Living With Persistent Respiratory Symptoms of Long COVID: Qualitative Study Among Brazilian Adults 12 Months After Acute Infection.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Emma-Louise AvelingHarvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA eaveling@hsph.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-9132
Bárbara CaldasEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-6393
Brenda SabaineEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Margareth Crisóstomo PortelaEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-9276
Letícia SoaresPatient-Led Research Collaborative, Calabasas, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6933-8048
Flora CornishLondon School of Economics & Political Science, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-9385

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionLong COVID (LC), an often-debilitating infection-associated chronic condition (IACC), affects millions of people globally. Globally, LC patients struggle to access timely, appropriate care, often experiencing disbelief, misunderstandings or being diverted from healthcare. Few studies have examined health system factors influencing LC healthcare access, especially in the Global South. Drawing on the concept of candidacy, we examine health system factors influencing access to LC care in Brazil's public healthcare system (

methodsWe conducted a patient-engaged, qualitative study in the city of Rio de Janeiro. 29 individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with SUS professionals from administrative leaders to multidisciplinary primary and specialist care staff (November 2022 to July 2023). Verbatim transcripts were analysed using a pragmatic thematic analysis.

resultsLC patients' candidacy for care is invisibilised within SUS through multiple, interacting processes. Interplay of an over-burdened health system, prioritisation of resources in response to (flawed) evidence of demand, misalignment of LC patient capacities and demands of navigating fragmented services, complex referral processes, professionals' lack of LC knowledge and disregard of the severity and morbidity of a chronic condition amid acute demands, led to the under-recognition of LC by healthcare professionals. Professionals' under-recognition perpetuates administrators' de-prioritisiation of resources, policies and training necessary to ensure access to appropriate care, creating a cycle of invisibilisation.

conclusionUrgent action to disrupt a cycle of invisibilisation is essential to mitigate patients' suffering and intensification of inequalities. Disrupting this pernicious cycle requires more than narrow clinical education efforts. Improved surveillance, education, patient involvement, attention to moral injury and building on existing multidisciplinary strengths may enhance access to LC care. Doing so offers wider benefits beyond patients with LC. We call for a paradigm shift in clinical approaches to IACCs.

Indexed as

COVID-19Delivery of Health CareHealth Services AccessibilityAdultBrazilFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleQualitative ResearchSARS-CoV-2BrazilHealth Services AccessibilityHealth systemsPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromePost-Infectious Disorders

Identifiers

PMID39917870
PMCPMC11667284

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.