ArticleCureus2025
The Combined Effects of Cold Foot Bath and Lavender Oil Inhalation on Autonomic Variables in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimAn essential function of the autonomic nerve system is to regulate physiological processes and stress responses in the body. Cold foot baths and aromatherapy with lavender oil each influence autonomic functions, but their combined effect in healthy individuals is unknown. The purpose of this study is to look into how autonomic variability in healthy volunteers is affected by both inhaling lavender oil and taking cold foot baths.
methodsA total of 60 healthy individuals were randomized to be placed in either the control group (n=30) or the experimental group (n=30) and were instructed to attend a single designated session. The control group underwent a 20-minute cold foot bath, while the experimental group received a 20-minute cold foot bath combined with lavender oil inhalation. Assessments were carried out before, during, and after the interventions. OUTCOME MEASURES: To evaluate autonomic variables, we monitored galvanic skin response (GSR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) using an equivital belt. Furthermore, we measured blood pressure (BP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) before, during (20 minutes) the intervention, and after a 10-minute resting period; post-intervention measurements were taken.
resultsRepeated measures analysis revealed a significant difference in standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), pNN50, and heart rate (HR) for time-domain variables (p<0.05), whereas the frequency-domain analysis showed a significant difference over time in LF/HF, LF, and HF (p<0.05). When these were compared between the groups, a significant difference was observed only in LF and HF (p<0.04). Additionally, a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in diastolic and systolic blood pressure between the groups was noted.
conclusionThe combination of a cold foot bath and lavender oil inhalation may modulate autonomic activity, promoting relaxation by vagal balance in healthy individuals.
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