ArticleHealth affairs scholar2025
Increasing competition, improving access, and lowering the cost of naloxone in California.
Article in Health affairs scholar, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Examining Pricing and Availability for Neglected Tropical Disease Therapies in the United States.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Intranasal overdose reversal formulations: a rapid review of available agents.Pain management · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can reverse opioid overdoses and save lives. In 2023, the California Department of Health Care Access and Information mobilized its affordable drug manufacturing program, CalRx, to develop a more affordable naloxone nasal product that could help increase access for all Californians. Partnering with a new market entrant, CalRx offered a stable demand forecast for an initial 3-year agreement. In exchange, the selected manufacturer launched a new generic over-the-counter naloxone nasal product at a transparent price 40% lower than the state's previously contracted rate. In its first 6 months, internal calculations suggest that the CalRx generic naloxone has saved the state over $2.6 million, which could be used to provide more than 108 000 additional units of naloxone free of charge to communities across California. Overall generic naloxone prices declined by 22% in a single quarter immediately following CalRx entry. The CalRx experience has helped disrupt the naloxone market by increasing competition and reducing prices. The experience also demonstrates that leveraging states' substantial purchasing power to negotiate lower prescription drug prices can have immediate market impact.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.