ReviewFrontiers in psychology2024
Psychological, psychiatric, and behavioral sciences measurement scales: best practice guidelines for their development and validation.
Review in Frontiers in psychology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Transference Assessment in Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyPooled it
- Translation and validation of the Korean version of the Fertility Intention Scale in breast cancer survivors.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Self‑harm ideation in perinatal women: Prevalence across gestational and postpartum windows and general risk and protective factors.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment in Greek Adolescents.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Article
- A world view: Considerations of sociocultural diversity in the study of subjective cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Change Adaptation Resilience Evaluation Questionnaire for Industry 5.0 Among Workers in High-Tech Manufacturing Companies: Questionnaire Development and Pilot Evaluation Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Article
- Development and validation of a short form of the mentalization scale (MentS-11): an evidence-based measure for Turkish adults.Cognitive processing · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a core competency framework for professional tennis coaches in China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- The Development of the Psychological Monitors' Burnout Scale in College.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Generative Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale for Nurses: Development and Psychometric Evaluation.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Critical Factors for Health Behavior Among University Students: The Role of Health Consciousness, Health Knowledge, and Risk Perception.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- How recent psychological distress relates to session quality in psychotherapy: The mediating roles of the real relationship and working alliance.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2026Article
- The taste of Parkinson's: How food choices reflect nutritional health.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Measurement-Based Care Benchmarks and Bipolar Classification in ABCD Youth.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Adaptation and Validation of the LGBTQIA+ Minority Stress Measure in Spanish Adults.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Harmonization of late-life participation in cognitively stimulating activities across four cohort studies of cognitive aging.Experimental gerontology · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the CAPPAC scale to measure multidimensional play in children and adolescents.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Stable structure, shifting links: How depression-anxiety symptom networks reconfigure from pregnancy to postpartum.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychiatric, psychological, and behavioral sciences scales provide quantitative representations of phenomena such as emotions, beliefs, functioning, and social role perceptions. Methodologists and researchers have criticized current scale development practices, emphasizing that inaccurate measurements can derail theory development and clinical decisions, thereby impeding progress in mental health research and practice. These shortcomings often stem from a lack of understanding of appropriate scale development techniques. This article presents a guide to scope, organize, and clarify the process of scale development and validation for psychological and psychiatric use by integrating current methodological literature with the authors' real-world experience. The process is divided into five phases comprising 18 steps. In the Preliminary Phase, the need for a new scale is assessed, including a review of existing measures. In the Item Development Phase, the construct is defined, and an initial pool of items is generated, incorporating literature reviews, expert feedback, and target population evaluation to ensure item relevance and clarity. During the Scale Construction Phase, the scale is finalized through the administration of surveys to a large sample, followed by parallel analysis, exploratory factor, and item descriptive statistics to identify functional items. In the Scale Evaluation Phase, the dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the scale are rigorously tested using both classical and modern psychometric techniques. Finally, in the Finalization Phase, the optimal item sequence is decided, and a comprehensive inventory manual is prepared. In sum, this structured approach provides researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive methodology for developing reliable, valid, and user-friendly psychological, psychiatric, and behavioral sciences measurement scales.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.