Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39916706›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Global, regional, and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus caused by high BMI from 1990 to 2021, and forecasts to 2045: analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Xin Huang, Yanyan Wu, Yulu Ni, Haiyan Xu, Yinhui He

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Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xin HuangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China.
Yanyan WuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China.
Yulu NiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China.
Haiyan XuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China.
Yinhui HeDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To produce estimates of the global burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) caused by high body mass index (high BMI) and its impact for 2021 and projections for 2045. Methods: We downloaded data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021(GBD 2021) to estimate the disease burden of T2DM caused by high BMI. Secondary analyses were performed by year, age, gender, region, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Results: Globally, the all-ages number of T2DM-related deaths has increased significantly from 238.1 thousand to 723.7 thousand, representing a 203.9% increase since 1990. And the all-ages number of T2DM-raleted DALYs has raised from 10.4 million to 39.3 million, increased by 276.7% from 1990. The burden was expected to continue to increase to 1296.7 thousand by 2045 for all-ages number of deaths, and 85.5 million by 2045 for all-ages number of DALYs. The curves of T2DM-related burden showed an intersection for different genders around the age of 60, beyond which women exhibit a higher burden, compared to men. The disease burden of T2DM caused by high BMI shows a significant upward trend across all SDI groups, with a heavier burden on women, especially in the postmenopausal female population. In 2021, among the 204 countries and territories, the top 3 largest number of T2DM-related burden caused by high BMI occurred in China, India, and United States. The top three countries with highest T2DM-related rate caused by high BMI were Fiji, Marshall Islands, and Kiribati. Conclusion: Our study reveals that the disease burden of T2DM caused by high BMI is significantly increasing and is expected to continue rising in the future. Women bear a heavier burden, particularly postmenopausal women, and there are significant differences in the disease burden across different geographical regions, and socioeconomic statuses. Targeted considerations and specific strategies are essential to address these disparities, thereby improving public health and reducing the burden.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexCost of IllnessDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Global Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthAdultAgedFemaleForecastingHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesitydeathsdisability-adjusted life years (DALYs)global burden of diseases (GBD)high body mass index (high BMI)socio-demographic index (SDI)type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Identifiers

PMID39916706
PMCPMC11798972

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.