Enhancing network lifetime in WSNs through coot algorithm-based energy management model.

To improve the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), this study offers a novel energy-efficient clustering and routing technique based on the Coot Optimization Algorithm (COA). This addresses issues such as high energy consumption, communication delays, and security. To ensure energy savings and network reliability, the fitness function evaluates cluster heads and best routes based on constraints. COOT outperforms other Metaheuristics Algorithms like Butterfly Optimization Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, Tunicate Swarm Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm, and Bird Swarm Algorithm in simulation with performance measurements and enhancing network functionality and protection. Key methodology points include:•Proposed a multiple constraints clustering and routing technique using COAto solve the most crucial issues that arise in WSNs.•Integrated an advanced fitness function that determines cluster head selection, and the routing path based on residual energy, delay, security, trust, distance, and link quality so that energy load is evenly distributed and credible data flow is maintained across the network and made Innovative and Effective Solution.•Proven Results Demonstrated superior network performance, achieving the lowest delay, highest network lifetime (3571 rounds) and enhanced security (0.8) and trust (0.6) compared to existing algorithms with less energy consumption, making it the most suitable solution for WSN performance improvement.