Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39916572›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025

High-Sensitivity and Flexible Motion Sensing Enabled by Robust, Self-Healing Wood-Based Anisotropic Hydrogel Composites.

Youchao Teng, Zhilei Zhang, Yunqi Cui, Zhe Su, Matthew Godwin, TzuChun Chung, Yongzan Zhou, Adam F G Leontowich, Muhammad Shahidul Islam, Kam C Tam and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Youchao TengDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interfaces Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3579-4579
Zhilei ZhangDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interfaces Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Yunqi CuiCollege of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Zhe SuDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interfaces Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Matthew GodwinDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interfaces Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
TzuChun ChungDivision of Microsurgery, Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 824005, Taiwan.
Yongzan ZhouDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interfaces Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Adam F G LeontowichCanadian Light Source Inc, Brockhouse beamline, Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada.
Muhammad Shahidul IslamDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Kam C TamDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Yimin A WuDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interfaces Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-8431

Funding

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada GECR-2020-00476Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada RGPIN-2020-05903Tang Family Chair Professorship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

By integrating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-borate-tannic acid (TA)-sodium sulfate into cellulosic wood matrices, a novel wood-basedPVA-borate-TA-sodium sulfate (WPBTS) hydrogel is successfully synthesized. Through a multicomponent synergistic design combining natural lignocellulose, PVA, borax, TA, and sodium sulfate, multiple dynamic cross-linking mechanisms-dynamic borate bonding, hydrogen bonding, and metal-ligand interactions-are established, resulting in WPBTS hydrogels with exceptional mechanical properties and self-healing capabilities. The mechanical strength of the WPBTS hydrogel reached an impressive 19.8 MPa, a 45-fold increase compared to PVA-borax-tannic acid (PBTS) hydrogels. Furthermore, the assembled WPBTS hydrogel-based flexible sensor demonstrates a remarkably fast response time of just 20 ms and maintains excellent performance in challenging simulated saline environments. This innovation represents a significant advancement in sensor technology and highlights the potential for transformative applications in complex and demanding scenarios.

Indexed as

Flexible Motion SensingHigh‐SensitivityHydrogelSelf‐HealingWood‐Based Anisotropic Hydrogel

Identifiers

PMID39916572
PMCPMC11921998

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.