Observational studyJournal of rehabilitation medicine2025
Muscle selection and dosing in patients undergoing treatment with abobotulinumtoxinA for lower limb spasticity in real-world practice.
Observational study in Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of botulinum toxin for poststroke lower limb: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Identification of spastic muscles involved in abnormal joint posture in patients with upper motor neuron syndrome: a narrative review.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Review
- Quality of Life Assessment Using the Leg Activity Measure in Ambulatory Individuals With Leg Spasticity: Findings From a Longitudinal, Observational Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Routine Practice.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Article
- Observational
- Research progress in the use of botulinum toxin type a for post-stroke spasticity rehabilitation: a narrative review.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Meta-Analysis of Goal Setting and Physical Treatment Categorisation for Focal Spasticity Following Stroke or Other Acquired Brain Injury.Advances in rehabilitation science and practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDescribe abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) dosing parameters in the real-world management of lower limb spasticity (LLS).
methodsProspective, observational study (NCT04050527) following ambulatory adults with unilateral LLS treated with aboBoNT-A.
resultsThe effectiveness population included 384 adults with LLS. Across the study, total lower limb doses were higher in patients who received only lower limb injections (n = 131, median 771U) than those who also received ≥ 1 upper limb injection (n = 253, 567U). Total doses increased over subsequent cycles in both subgroups. Six muscles (gastrocnemius medial and lateral heads, soleus muscle, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus) were identified as the main targets for the treatment of LLS; other lower limb muscles were injected in fewer than 15% of patients. The most frequent therapy interventions (mean ± SD of 1.8 ± 1.3h/week with a qualified therapist and 5.3 ± 5.9h/week self-rehabilitation in Cycle 1) were task-specific practice, passive stretch, strength training, and positioning.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates how a diversity of muscle patterns are currently treated in routine practice where the primary goal was related to the lower limb and highlights important issues for further debate, such as potential underdosing and the need to balance upper and lower limb priorities when devising a treatment plan.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.