ReviewGut microbes2025
Early life gut microbiome and its impact on childhood health and chronic conditions.
Review in Gut microbes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Strain-Specific Effects of Early-Life Probiotic Supplementation on Respiratory Infections in Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Probiotic supplementation increases fecal TLR4 agonists without improving disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Gut microbes · 2026Trial
- Improving immune-related health outcomes post-cesarean birth with a gut microbiome-based program: A randomized controlled trial.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Trial
- Nationwide cohort study reveals low bifidobacteria and distinct microbiota composition and function in Swedish newborns.Gut microbes · 2026Observational
- Decoding the HMO‒microbiome axis: bridging maternal milk to infant health outcomes.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome dynamics in acute infectious diarrhea: A conceptual framework from acute dysbiosis toward precision restoration (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Global and local trajectories of infant gut microbiota development in Bangladesh across the COVID-19 pandemic.mSystems · 2026Article
- Bringing work home: the microbiota of children of healthcare workers.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota alterations in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit extremely preterm infants: a Chinese tertiary center study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- PREVENT 1, a nationwide Swedish infant cohort for longitudinal gut microbiome profiling and early-life health outcomes: cohort profile.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- MaternalBiomedicines · 2026Article
- Dynamic Succession of the Early-Life Gut Microbiota and the Regulatory Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenic Mechanisms, Gut-Skin Axis Disruption, and Emerging Microbiota-Targeted Therapies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The rapid surge of colorectal cancer in children and young adults: a 22-year analysis of the CDC WONDER database.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2026Article
- Extracting host-specific developmental signatures from longitudinal microbiome data.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid-induced oligodendrogliopathy in vitro and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Immune development in early life.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing the microbiome for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of the gut microbiome is crucial to human health, particularly during the first three years of life. Given its role in immune development, disturbances in the establishment process of the gut microbiome may have long term consequences. This review summarizes evidence for these claims, highlighting compositional changes of the gut microbiome during this critical period of life as well as factors that affect gut microbiome development. Based on human and animal data, we conclude that the early-life microbiome is a determinant of long-term health, impacting physiological, metabolic, and immune processes. The early-life gut microbiome field faces challenges. Some of these challenges are technical, such as lack of standardized stool collection protocols, inconsistent DNA extraction methods, and outdated sequencing technologies. Other challenges are methodological: small sample sizes, lack of longitudinal studies, and poor control of confounding variables. To address these limitations, we advocate for more robust research methodologies to better understand the microbiome's role in health and disease. Improved methods will lead to more reliable microbiome studies and a deeper understanding of its impact on health outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.