Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39915842›Full record

ArticleHuman resources for health2025

Principles to award learning achievements for lifelong learning in health using micro-credentials: an international Delphi study.

Sharon Mitchell, John Hart, Muntaha Gharaibeh, Graham T McMahon, Anthea Rhoda, Siobhan Fitzpatrick, Tana Wuliji, Janusz Janczukowicz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human resources for health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Understanding Europe's skills shortage: Patterns of participation in formal and non-formal education and training.International review of education. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Erziehungswissenschaft. Revue internationale de pedagogie · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sharon MitchellHealth Workforce Department, World Health Organization HQ, Geneva, Switzerland. sharon.mitchell@unibe.ch.ORCID 0000-0002-3725-7366
John HartCentre for Education Sociology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Muntaha GharaibehMaternal and Child Health Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Graham T McMahonAccreditation Council for CME (ACCME), Chicago, IL, USA.
Anthea RhodaFaculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Siobhan FitzpatrickHealth Workforce Department, World Health Organization HQ, Geneva, Switzerland.
Tana WulijiHealth Workforce Department, World Health Organization HQ, Geneva, Switzerland.
Janusz JanczukowiczCentre for Medial Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis research investigates micro-credentialing as an approach to recognise learning achievements in health. Establishing international standards can ensure consistency, promote equity, and enhance quality of recognition systems. Achieving stakeholder consensus on the key topic areas is an important precursor to lead to relevant topics from which to build appropriate standards. This research supports the efforts by UN agency representatives and experts in qualification systems, medical education, the health and care sector, regulation, and accreditation, to build foundations from which to launch normative work on the application of micro-credentials to award learning achievements for health and care workers.

methodsA modified Delphi study following methodological steps was conducted. From April to May 2021, a literature review investigated existing standards in continuing professional development and the use of micro-credentialing in health. Results from the review informed the initial draft of statements that were then refined through three iterative Delphi rounds between May to September 2021. The process culminated in a final workshop in March 2023.

resultsA total of 53 participants completed the Delphi, with results analysed by researchers using qualitative analysis. Consensus was achieved on the core principles to recognise learning achievements. The expert panel agreed on the need for standards that are competency-based, and require evidence of learning indicating what a learner can do. There was also consensus that the characteristics of a valid digital award or micro-credential should be portable, standardised, secure, interoperable, stackable and verifiable.

conclusionsThe growing body of literature on micro-credentialing highlights its potential as a method to recognise learning achievements. The interest in alternative pathways to award health practitioners, through short competency-based micro-learning opportunities, has spurred discussions on the practical application of micro-credentials. This research outlines the categories and principles for a proposed framework to implement micro-credentialing to recognise learning achievements within the health and care sector.

Indexed as

Health PersonnelLearningAwards and PrizesConsensusDelphi TechniqueHumansCompetency-based educationContinuing professional developmentLearning achievementLearning recognitionMicro-credentials

Identifiers

PMID39915842
PMCPMC11800415

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.