Intelligence and obesity during the obesity epidemic.

Rebecca B Clarke, Gunhild T Okholm, Erik L Mortensen, Merete Osler, Cathrine L Wimmelmann, Thorkild I A Sørensen

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rebecca B ClarkeNational Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. rbc@sdu.dk.

Gunhild T OkholmNational Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Erik L MortensenSection of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Merete OslerCentre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Cathrine L WimmelmannCentre for Childhood Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Thorkild I A SørensenSection of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Funding

Helsefonden 21B_0093

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Several studies conducted during the last 50 years have shown that lower intelligence is associated with a higher body mass index (BMI). During this period, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased considerably. We investigated whether this increase has altered the relation between intelligence and BMI by studying two cohorts of 419,319 conscripts, born 1939-1959 and 1983-2001, examined in the same geographical districts in Denmark. While the prevalence of obesity increased from 0.8% in the early to 6.7% in the late cohort, the two cohorts showed essentially the same pattern of relations between intelligence test scores (ITS), prevalence of obesity and overweight (including obesity), and BMI. The prevalence of obesity and overweight and BMI was higher at any ITS value in the late than in the early cohort, but inversely associated with ITS in both cohorts. The ITS displayed inverse J-shaped associations with BMI, with ITS peaking around a BMI of 20 kg/m

Indexed as

IntelligenceObesityAdultBody Mass IndexCohort StudiesDenmarkEpidemicsHumansMaleMiddle AgedOverweightPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID39915509

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-87402-z

PMCPMC11803092

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.