Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39914659›Full record

ArticleNeuroscience letters2025

Pupillary unrest is attenuated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Claudio M Privitera, Sean Noah, Thom Carney, Stanley A Klein, Agatha Lenartowicz, Stephen P Hinshaw, James T McCracken, Joel T Nigg, Sarah L Karalunas, Rory C Reid and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuroscience letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The Evolving ADHD Phenotype in the Externalizing Context.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Claudio M PriviteraThe Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Electronic address: claudiop@berkeley.edu.
Sean NoahThe Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Thom CarneyThe Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Stanley A KleinThe Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Agatha LenartowiczDepartment of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Stephen P HinshawDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
James T McCrackenDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Joel T NiggDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, USA.
Sarah L KaralunasDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Rory C ReidDepartment of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Mercedes OlivaDivision of Social Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA.
Samantha S BettsGraduate Program in Neurosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Gregory V SimpsonThink Now, Incorporated, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

ADHD heterogeneity, mechanisms, and risk profileR37MH059105 · NIMH · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI NIGG, JOEL T · 2014 to 2023
$7.0M
Neurophysiological Attention Test (NAT) for Objective Assessment of ADHDR44MH099709 · NIMH · THINK NOW, INC. · PI SIMPSON, GREGORY V · 2015 to 2017
$2.2M
NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH059105NIMH NIH HHS R44 MH099709
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We investigated the phenomenon of pupillary unrest in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) compared to neurotypical controls. We measured the power of low-frequency pupil oscillations under two experimental conditions: a passive condition with minimal distraction and a resting condition with no distraction. The study included 76 adult participants (42 controls and 34 with ADHD) aged 18-40. The results show that individuals with ADHD exhibit reduced power in pupillary oscillations, suggesting a suppression of general catecholaminergic activity. The nature of the experiment indicates that this suppression is endemic in the background and independent of the visual task or the ongoing cognitive effort. This finding is consistent with our previous observations of reduced pupil dilations in ADHD during active tasks [1] and provide basic insights for future research aimed at developing and refining a psychophysical paradigm that could serve as a biomarker to enhance ADHD evaluation and classification.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityPupilAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleYoung AdultADHDPupillary unrest

Identifiers

PMID39914659
PMCPMC11981475

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.