Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39914061›Full record

ArticleNeurobiology of aging2025

Differences in cholinergic terminal density in adults with Down syndrome compared to neurotypical controls measured by [

Jason K Russell, Alexander C Conley, Brian D Boyd, J Patrick Begnoche, Rachel Schlossberg, Allison Stranick, Adam J Rosenberg, Lealani Mae Y Acosta, Dann Martin, Yasmeen Neal and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurobiology of aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Single-nucleus analysis reveals oxidative stress in Down syndrome basal forebrain neurons at birth.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  4. Brain cholinergic terminal density utilizing [Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jason K RussellCenter for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Alexander C ConleyCenter for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Brian D BoydCenter for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
J Patrick BegnocheCenter for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Rachel SchlossbergCenter for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Allison StranickCenter for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Adam J RosenbergVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Lealani Mae Y AcostaDepartment of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Dann MartinDepartment of Clinical Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Yasmeen NealCenter for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Prabesh KanelDepartment of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Roger L AlbinUniversity of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Michael S RafiiAlzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA.
Julie DumasDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Paul A NewhouseCenter for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: paul.newhouse@vanderbilt.edu.

Funding

The Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR)UL1TR000445 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BERNARD, GORDON RAPHAEL · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
Udall Catalyst Research Project: Retrosplenial Cholinergic and Attentional-Motor Integration DysfunctionP50NS123067 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI ALBIN, ROGER L · 2021 to 2025
$11.6M
Overall: Eunice Kennedy Shriver Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at VanderbiltP50HD103537 · NICHD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Lea K Davis · 2020 to 2026
$10.3M
Public Outreach and Education CoreP50NS091856 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI ALBIN, ROGER L · 2014 to 2019
$10.1M
Health of the Cholinergic System and Risk for Alzheimer's Disease in Postmenopausal WomenR01AG066159 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI DUMAS, JULIE A, NEWHOUSE, PAUL A. · 2019 to 2023
$7.9M
Clinical trials to prevent Alzheimer's Disease in Down SyndromeR33AG066543 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI RAFII, MICHAEL S · 2022 to 2024
$6.9M
Central cholinergic presbyvestibulopathy network changes and imbalance in Parkinson's disease and older personsR01AG073100 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI BOHNEN, NICOLAAS IDA · 2021 to 2025
$3.0M
Replacement and Upgrade of a 3T MR Scanner for ResearchS10OD021771 · OD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GORE, JOHN C · 2016 to 2016
$2.0M
A PET-CT Scanner for Translational ResearchS10OD012297 · OD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GORE, JOHN C · 2015 to 2015
$2.0M
The cholinergic integrity in Down syndrome in association with aging, Alzheimer's disease pathology, and cognitionR21AG075643 · NIA · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI NEWHOUSE, PAUL A. · 2022 to 2022
$476k
cGMP Compliant HPLC for Radiopharmaceutical Quality ControlS10OD032383 · OD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI PETERSON, TODD E · 2022 to 2022
$91k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000445NIA NIH HHS R01 AG066159NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073100NIA NIH HHS R21 AG075643NIA NIH HHS R33 AG066543NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103537NIH HHS S10 OD012297NIH HHS S10 OD021771NIH HHS S10 OD032383NINDS NIH HHS P50 NS091856NINDS NIH HHS P50 NS123067
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adults with Down syndrome are genetically predisposed to developing Alzheimer's disease after the age of 40. The cholinergic system, which is critical for cognitive functioning, is known to decline in Alzheimer's disease and although first investigated in individuals with Down syndrome 40 years ago, remains relatively understudied. Existing studies suggest individuals with Down syndrome have an intact cholinergic system at birth that declines through adulthood alongside the development of Alzheimer's disease pathology. The present study provides the first description of cholinergic terminals in vivo in non-demented adults with Down syndrome utilizing [

Indexed as

BrainCholinergic NeuronsDown SyndromePiperidinesPositron-Emission TomographyAdultAgingAlzheimer DiseaseBenzylaminesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultBenzylaminesfluoroethoxy-benzovesamicolPiperidines[(18)F]-FEOBVAgingCholinergicDown syndromePET

Identifiers

PMID39914061
PMCPMC11981543

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.