ArticlePloS one2025
Surviving a crisis: A multilevel model of leadership styles, employees' psychological capital and organizational resilience.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Building on the emerging research on organizational resilience in crisis, we tested a model of transformational and directive leadership styles and their association with organizational resilience in a crisis via employees' psychological capital. Three hundred and one small and medium sized enterprises in Kenya provided usable survey data. The hypotheses were tested using multilevel structural equation modelling (MSEM) technique. The results show that both transformational and directive leadership styles were significant and positive predictors of organizational resilience through the mediating role of employees' psychological capital. From a practical perspective, as SMEs struggle to be resilient during crises, leaders should adopt effective leadership styles such as transformational and directive and also consider their employees' psychological experience of a crisis.
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